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linear-list/array/rotate-array

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2023-12-01

Rotate Array

描述

Rotate an array of n elements to the right by k steps.

For example, with n = 7 and k = 3, the array [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] is rotated to [5,6,7,1,2,3,4].

Note: Try to come up as many solutions as you can, there are at least 3 different ways to solve this problem.

分析

最简单的方法,开一个k长的数组,先把右边k个元素存入这个临时数组,然后把数组中的前n-k右移k位,再把临时数组的k个元素存入到原始数组左边。时间复杂度O(n),空间复杂度O(k)

第二个简单的方法,先实现一个函数,把数组右移一位,调用这个函数k次即可。时间复杂度O(n*k),空间复杂度O(1)

第三个方法,先将数组分为两段,前n-k个为一段,后k个元素作为第二段,将第一段 reverse, 第二段 reverse, 然后将整个数组 reverse, 这样经过三轮 reverse,就完成了循环右移。时间复杂度O(n),空间复杂度O(1)

代码

三轮 reverse

// Rotate Array
// Time Complexity: O(n), Space Complexity: O(1)
public class Solution {
    public void rotate(int[] nums, int k) {
        k %= nums.length;
        reverse(nums, 0, nums.length - k);
        reverse(nums, nums.length - k, nums.length);
        reverse(nums, 0, nums.length);
    }
    private static void reverse(int[] nums, int begin, int end) {
        int left = begin;
        int right = end - 1;
        while (left < right) {
            // swap
            int tmp = nums[left];
            nums[left] = nums[right];
            nums[right] = tmp;
            ++left;
            --right;
        }
    }
}