11.14 Wood Cut
Question
- lintcode: (183) Wood Cut
Problem Statement
Given n pieces of wood with length L[i]
(integer array). Cut them into small pieces to guarantee you could have equal or more than k pieces with the same length. What is the longest length you can get from the n pieces of wood? Given L & k, return the maximum length of the small pieces.
Example
For L=[232, 124, 456]
, k=7
, return 114
.
Note
You couldn't cut wood into float length.
Challenge
O(n log Len), where Len is the longest length of the wood.
题解 - 二分搜索
这道题要直接想到二分搜素其实不容易,但是看到题中 Challenge 的提示后你大概就能想到往二分搜索上靠了。首先来分析下题意,题目意思是说给出 n 段木材L[i]
, 将这 n 段木材切分为至少 k 段,这 k 段等长,求能从 n 段原材料中获得的最长单段木材长度。以 k=7 为例,要将 L 中的原材料分为7段,能得到的最大单段长度为114, 232/114 = 2, 124/114 = 1, 456/114 = 4, 2 + 1 + 4 = 7.
理清题意后我们就来想想如何用算法的形式表示出来,显然在计算如2
, 1
, 4
等分片数时我们进行了取整运算,在计算机中则可以使用下式表示:
$$\sum _{i = 1} ^{n} \frac {L[i]}{l} \geq k$$
其中 $$l$$ 为单段最大长度,显然有 $$1 \leq l \leq max(L[i])$$. 单段长度最小为1,最大不可能超过给定原材料中的最大木材长度。
Warning 注意求和与取整的顺序,是先求
L[i]/l
的单个值,而不是先对L[i]
求和。
分析到这里就和题 Sqrt x 差不多一样了,要求的是 $$l$$ 的最大可能取值,同时 $$l$$ 可以看做是从有序序列[1, max(L[i])]
的一个元素,典型的二分搜素!
P.S. 关于二分搜索总结在 Binary Search 一小节,直接套用『模板二——最优化』即可。
Python
class Solution:
"""
@param L: Given n pieces of wood with length L[i]
@param k: An integer
return: The maximum length of the small pieces.
"""
def woodCut(self, L, k):
if sum(L) < k:
return 0
start, end = 1, max(L)
while start + 1 < end:
mid = (start + end) / 2
pieces_sum = sum(len_i / mid for len_i in L)
if pieces_sum < k:
end = mid
else:
start = mid
if sum(len_i / end for len_i in L) >= k:
return end
return start
C++
class Solution {
public:
/**
*@param L: Given n pieces of wood with length L[i]
*@param k: An integer
*return: The maximum length of the small pieces.
*/
int woodCut(vector<int> L, int k) {
// write your code here
int lb = 0, ub = 0;
for (auto l : L) if (l + 1 > ub) ub = l + 1;
while (lb + 1 < ub) {
int mid = lb + (ub - lb) / 2;
if (C(L, k, mid)) lb = mid;
else ub = mid;
}
return lb;
}
int C(vector<int> L, int k, int mid) {
int sum = 0;
for (auto l : L) {
sum += l / mid;
}
return sum >= k;
}
};
Java
public class Solution {
/**
*@param L: Given n pieces of wood with length L[i]
*@param k: An integer
*return: The maximum length of the small pieces.
*/
public int woodCut(int[] L, int k) {
if (L == null || L.length == 0) return 0;
int lb = 0, ub = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
// get the upper bound of L
for (int l : L) if (l > ub) ub = l + 1;
while (lb + 1 < ub) {
int mid = lb + (ub - lb) / 2;
if (C(L, k, mid)) {
lb = mid;
} else {
ub = mid;
}
}
return lb;
}
// whether it cut with length x and get more than k pieces
private boolean C(int[] L, int k, int x) {
int sum = 0;
for (int l : L) {
sum += l / x;
}
return sum >= k;
}
}
源码分析
定义私有方法C
为切分为 x 长度时能否大于等于 k 段。若满足条件则更新lb
, 由于 lb 和 ub 的初始化技巧使得我们无需单独对最后的 lb 和 ub 单独求和判断。九章算法网站上的方法初始化为1和某最大值,还需要单独判断,虽然不会出bug, 但稍显复杂。这个时候lb, ub初始化为两端不满足条件的值的优雅之处就体现出来了。
复杂度分析
遍历求和时间复杂度为 $$O(n)$$, 二分搜索时间复杂度为 $$O(\log max(L))$$. 故总的时间复杂度为 $$O(n \log max(L))$$. 空间复杂度 $$O(1)$$.