第一个应用程序（First Application）

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2023-12-01

要创建一个简单的JSF应用程序，我们将使用maven-archetype-webapp插件。在下面的示例中，我们将在C:\JSF文件夹中创建基于maven的Web应用程序项目。

创建项目

让我们打开命令控制台，转到C:\ 》 JSF目录并执行以下mvn命令。

C:\JSF>mvn archetype:create  
-DgroupId = cn.xnip.test  
-DartifactId = helloworld  
-DarchetypeArtifactId = maven-archetype-webapp

Maven将开始处理并将创建完整的Java Web应用程序项目结构。

[INFO] Scanning for projects... 
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- 
[INFO] Building Maven Default Project 
[INFO]    task-segment: [archetype:create] (aggregator-style) 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- 
[INFO] [archetype:create {execution: default-cli}] 
[INFO] Defaulting package to group ID: cn.xnip.test 
[INFO] artifact org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:  
checking for updates from central 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- 
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project  
from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:RELEASE 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- 
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: cn.xnip.test 
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: cn.xnip.test 
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: cn.xnip.test 
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: helloworld 
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\JSF 
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT 
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: 
C:\JSF\helloworld 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- 
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------- 
[INFO] Total time: 7 seconds 
[INFO] Finished at: Mon Nov 05 16:05:04 IST 2012 
[INFO] Final Memory: 12M/84M 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------

现在转到C:/ JSF目录。您将看到一个名为helloworld的Java Web应用程序项目（在artifactId中指定）。 Maven使用标准目录布局，如以下屏幕截图所示。

使用上面的示例，我们可以理解以下关键概念。

S.No	文件夹结构和描述
1	helloworld 包含src文件夹和pom.xml
2	src/main/wepapp 包含WEB-INF文件夹和index.jsp页面
3	src/main/resources 它包含图像/属性文件（在上面的例子中，我们需要手动创建这个结构）

S.No

文件夹结构和描述

helloworld

包含src文件夹和pom.xml

src/main/wepapp

包含WEB-INF文件夹和index.jsp页面

src/main/resources

它包含图像/属性文件（在上面的例子中，我们需要手动创建这个结构）

将JSF功能添加到项目中

添加以下JSF依赖项。

<dependencies>
   <dependency>
      <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.7</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
      <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.7</version>
   </dependency>
</dependencies>

Complete POM.xml

<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>cn.xnip.test</groupId>
   <artifactId>helloworld</artifactId>
   <packaging>war</packaging>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>helloworld Maven Webapp</name>
   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>3.8.1</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
         <artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
         <version>2.1.7</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
         <artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
         <version>2.1.7</version>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   <build>
      <finalName>helloworld</finalName>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
            <configuration>
               <source>1.6</source>
               <target>1.6</target>
            </configuration>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>		
</project>

准备Eclipse项目

我们打开命令控制台。转到C:\ 》 JSF 》 helloworld目录并执行以下mvn命令。

C:\JSF\helloworld>mvn eclipse:eclipse -Dwtpversion = 2.0

Maven将开始处理，创建eclipse就绪项目，并将添加wtp功能。

Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/org/apache/maven/plugins/
maven-compiler-plugin/2.3.1/maven-compiler-plugin-2.3.1.pom
5K downloaded  (maven-compiler-plugin-2.3.1.pom)
Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/org/apache/maven/plugins/
maven-compiler-plugin/2.3.1/maven-compiler-plugin-2.3.1.jar
29K downloaded  (maven-compiler-plugin-2.3.1.jar)
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'eclipse'.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building helloworld Maven Webapp
[INFO]    task-segment: [eclipse:eclipse]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Preparing eclipse:eclipse
[INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping
[INFO] [eclipse:eclipse {execution: default-cli}]
[INFO] Adding support for WTP version 2.0.
[INFO] Using Eclipse Workspace: null
[INFO] Adding default classpath container: org.eclipse.jdt.
launching.JRE_CONTAINER
Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/
com/sun/faces/jsf-api/2.1.7/jsf-api-2.1.7.pom
12K downloaded  (jsf-api-2.1.7.pom)
Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/
com/sun/faces/jsf-impl/2.1.7/jsf-impl-2.1.7.pom
10K downloaded  (jsf-impl-2.1.7.pom)
Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/
com/sun/faces/jsf-api/2.1.7/jsf-api-2.1.7.jar
619K downloaded  (jsf-api-2.1.7.jar)
Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/
com/sun/faces/jsf-impl/2.1.7/jsf-impl-2.1.7.jar
1916K downloaded  (jsf-impl-2.1.7.jar)
[INFO] Wrote settings to C:\JSF\helloworld\.settings\
org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs
[INFO] Wrote Eclipse project for "helloworld" to C:\JSF\helloworld.
[INFO]
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 6 minutes 7 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Mon Nov 05 16:16:25 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 10M/89M
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------------

在Eclipse中导入项目

以下是步骤 -

使用导入向导在eclipse中导入项目。
转到File → Import... → Existing project into workspace 。
选择helloworld的根目录。
Copy projects into workspace到要检查的Copy projects into workspace中。
单击完成按钮。
Eclipse将在其工作区C:\ → Projects → Data → WorkSpace导入和复制项目。

在web.xml中配置Faces Servlet

在webapp → WEB-INF文件夹中找到web.xml并按如下所示进行更新。

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
   xmlns:web = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
   id = "WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
   <welcome-file-list>
      <welcome-file>faces/home.xhtml</welcome-file>
   </welcome-file-list>
   <!-- 
      FacesServlet is main servlet responsible to handle all request. 
      It acts as central controller.
      This servlet initializes the JSF components before the JSP is displayed.
   -->
   <servlet>
      <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
   </servlet>
   <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/faces/*</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.jsf</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.faces</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.xhtml</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

创建一个托管Bean

在src → main → java as com → xnip → test下创建一个包结构， src → main → java as com → xnip → test 。在此包中创建HelloWorld.java类。更新HelloWorld.java的代码，如下所示。

package cn.xnip.test;
import javax.faces.bean.ManagedBean;
@ManagedBean(name = "helloWorld", eager = true)
public class HelloWorld {
   public HelloWorld() {
      System.out.println("HelloWorld started!");
   }
   public String getMessage() {
      return "Hello World!";
   }
}

创建一个JSF页面

在webapp文件夹下创建一个home.xhtml页面。更新home.xhtml的代码，如下所示。

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
   "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
   <head>
      <title>JSF Tutorial!</title>
   </head>
   <body>
      #{helloWorld.getMessage()}
   </body>
</html>

构建项目 (Build the Project)

以下是步骤。

在eclipse中选择helloworld项目
使用运行方式向导
选择Run As → Maven package
Maven将开始构建项目，并将在C:\ → Projects → Data → WorkSpace → helloworld → target文件夹下创建helloworld.war。

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building helloworld Maven Webapp
[INFO] 
[INFO] Id: cn.xnip.test:helloworld:war:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] task-segment: [package]
[INFO] -----------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [resources:resources]
[INFO] Using default encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] [compiler:compile]
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] [resources:testResources]
[INFO] Using default encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] [compiler:testCompile]
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] [surefire:test]
[INFO] Surefire report directory: 
C:\Projects\Data\WorkSpace\helloworld\target\surefire-reports
-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
There are no tests to run.
Results :
Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] [war:war]
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp[helloworld] in
[C:\Projects\Data\WorkSpace\helloworld\target\helloworld]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Webapp assembled in[150 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: 
C:\Projects\Data\WorkSpace\helloworld\target\helloworld.war
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Mon Nov 05 16:34:46 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 2M/15M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------

部署WAR文件

以下是步骤。

停止tomcat服务器。
将helloworld.war文件复制到tomcat installation directory → webapps folder 。
启动tomcat服务器。
查看webapps目录，应该创建一个helloworld文件夹。
现在helloworld.war已成功部署在Tomcat Webserver根目录中。

运行应用程序

在Web浏览器中输入URL: http://localhost:8080/helloworld/home.jsf以启动应用程序。

服务器名称（localhost）和端口（8080）可能因tomcat配置而异。