git-tutorials

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2023-12-01

Git 简明使用教程

工具

状态模型

  • 工作区 (workspace)
  • 暂存区 (index)
  • 本地仓库 (local repository)
  • 远程仓库 (remote repository)

Setup and Config

git

git --version

config

git config --global user.email "[email address]"
git config --global user.name  "[name]"
git config --global color.ui auto
git config --global --list
git config --list

help

git help

Getting and Creating Projects

init

git init

clone

git clone [url]

Basic Snapshotting

git status
git add [file]
git add .
git diff
git diff --cache
git diff --staged
git commit -m"[descriptive message]"
git commit -a -m "[descriptive message]"

-a 自动执行 git add .

git reset --hard HEAD^
git reset --hard HEAD~3
git mv the-file-name the-file-rename
git rm the-file

Branching and Merging

git branch
git branch -v
git branch [branch-name]
git branch -d [branch-name]
git branch -D [branch-name]
git branch [new-branch-name] e064ba4
git checkout    [branch-name]
git checkout -b [branch-name]
git checkout [branch-name]
git merge    [branch]

.git/config

[branch "master"]
    remote = origin
    merge = refs/heads/master

Sharing and Updating Projects

git fetch
git push
git pull
git remote add origin [url]
git remote origin set-url [url]

.git/config

[remote "origin"]
        url =[url]
        fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

Inspection and Comparison

git log
git log --oneline
git reflog
git log --follow [file]
git diff [first-branch]...[second-branch]
git show [commit]

.gitignore

一般来说每个Git项目中都需要一个.gitignore 文件(A collection of useful .gitignore templates),这个文件的作用就是告诉Git哪些文件不需要添加到版本管理中。

win7:创建一个文件,文件名为:.gitignore.,注意前后都有一个点。保存之后系统会自动重命名为“.gitignore”。

常用规则

过滤规则:

  • /mtk/ 过滤整个文件夹
  • *.zip 过滤所有.zip文件
  • /mtk/do.c 过滤某个具体文件

添加规则:

  • !*.zip 添加所有.zip文件
  • !/mtk/one.txt 添加所有某个具体文件

例如:node需要配置忽略node_modules文件夹:

node_modules