Particle Systems 粒子系统

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2023-12-01

Particles are essentially 2D images rendered in 3D space. They are primarily used for effects such as smoke, fire, water droplets, or leaves. A Particle System is made up of three separate Components: Particle Emitter, Particle Animator, and a Particle Renderer. You can use a Particle Emitter and Renderer together if you want static particles. The Particle Animator will move particles in different directions and change colors. You also have access to each individual particle in a particle system via scripting, so you can create your own unique behaviors that way if you choose.

粒子基本上是在三维空间中渲染的二维图像。它们主要用于诸如烟、火、水滴、或树叶等效果。一个粒子系统是由三个独立部分组成：粒子发射器、粒子动画器、和粒子渲染器。如果你想要一个静态粒子系统，你可以用一个粒子发射器和渲染器来完成。粒子动画器将在不同的方向移动粒子和改变粒子的颜色。你还可以通过脚本使用粒子系统中的每一个粒子，因此你可以创建自己独特的（粒子）行为，如果你选择这样。

Please view the Particle Scripting Reference here.

请点击这里查看粒子脚本参考。

The remainder of this page's text is from the Particle Component Reference pages.

本页剩余的文字来自于Particle Component Reference。

Particle Components 粒子组件

Particle Systems 粒子系统

Particle Systems in Unity are used to make clouds of smoke, steam, fire and other atmospheric effects. Particle Systems work by using one or two Textures & drawing them many times, creating a chaotic effect.

粒子在Unity中是用来制造烟雾、蒸汽、火及其它大气的效果。粒子系统通过使用一或两个纹理并多次绘制它们，以创造一个混沌的效果。

A Particle System included in the Standard Assets 一个粒子系统包含在标准资源包中

A typical Particle System in Unity is an object that contains a Particle Emitter, a Particle Animator and a Particle Renderer. The Particle Emitter generates the particles, the Particle Animator moves them over time, and the Particle Renderer draws them on the screen.

Unity中一个典型的粒子系统是一个对象，它包含了一个粒子发射器、一个粒子动画器和一个粒子渲染器。粒子发射器产生粒子，粒子动画器则随时间移动它们，粒子渲染器将它们绘制在屏幕上。

If you want your particles to interact with the world, add a Particle Collider Component to the GameObject.

如果你想让你的粒子对世界有影响，添加一个粒子碰撞器组件到游戏对象中。

Ellipsoid Particle Emitter 椭球粒子发射器

The Ellipsoid Particle Emitter spawns particles inside a sphere. Use the Ellipsoid property below to scale & stretch the sphere.

椭球粒子发射器在一个球形范围内产生大量粒子，使用Ellipsoid属性来缩放和拉伸范围。

The Ellipsoid Particle Emitter Inspector 椭球粒子发射器的检视视图

Properties 属性

Emit 发射 If enabled, the emitter will emit particles. 如果启用，发射器将发射粒子
Min Size 最小尺寸 The minimum size each particle can be at the time when it is spawned.
在产生粒子时每个粒子可以达到的最小尺寸。
Max Size 最大尺寸 The maximum size each particle can be at the time when it is spawned.
在产生粒子时每个粒子可以达到的最大尺寸。
Min Energy 最小能量 The minimum lifetime of each particle, measured in seconds.
每个粒子的最短寿命，以秒为单位。
Max Energy 最大能量 The maximum lifetime of each particle, measured in seconds.
每个粒子的最长寿命，以秒为单位。
Min Emission 最小发射 The minimum number of particles that will be spawned every second.
每秒会产生的粒子的最小数目。
Max Emission 最大发射 The maximum number of particles that will be spawned every second.
每秒会产生的粒子的最大数目。
World Velocity 世界速度 The starting speed of particles in world space, along X, Y, and Z.
在世界空间中粒子的初始速度，沿X，Y和Z轴方向。
Local Velocity 局部速度 The starting speed of particles along X, Y, and Z, measured in the object's orientation.
粒子沿X，Y和Z轴方向的初始速度，以对象的定向为测量基准（意思就是粒子以某个对象为参照的相对速度）
Rnd Velocity 随机速度 A random speed along X, Y, and Z that is added to the velocity.
沿X，Y和Z的随机的加速度
Emitter Velocity Scale
发射器速度比例 The amount of the emitter's speed that the particles inherit.
粒子继承的发射器速度的总和
Tangent Velocity
切线速度 The starting speed of particles along X, Y, and Z, across the Emitter's surface.
粒子沿X，Y和Z跨越发射器表面的初始速度
Simulate In World Space
模拟世界空间 If enabled, the particles don't move when the emitter moves. If false, when you move the emitter, the particles follow it around.
如果启用，发射器移动时粒子不动；如果禁用，发射器移动时，粒子则跟随在周围
One Shot 单次发射 If enabled, the particle numbers specified by min & max emission is spawned all at once. If disabled, the particles are generated in a long stream.
如果启用，由最小和最大之间指定一次性产生发射的粒子数。如果禁用，这些粒子将产生一个粒子流。
Ellipsoid 椭球 Scale of the sphere along X, Y, and Z that the particles are spawned inside.
沿X，Y和Z产生粒子的球形范围
MinEmitterRange
最小发射器范围 Determines an empty area in the center of the sphere - use this to make particles appear on the edge of the sphere.
在球形的中心确定一个空白区域——用此来使粒子出现在该球形的边缘

Details 细节

Ellipsoid Particle Emitters (EPEs) are the basic emitter, and are included when you choose to add a Particle System to your scene from Components->Particles->Particle System. You can define the boundaries for the particles to be spawned, and give the particles an initial velocity. From here, use the Particle Animator to manipulate how your particles will change over time to achieve interesting effects.

椭球粒子发射器（EPEs）是基本的发射器，当你选择添加一个粒子系统到场景时，通过菜单Components->Particles->Particle System。你可以定义产生粒子的边界，并给出粒子的初速度。从这里，使用粒子动画器操纵你的粒子随时间实现有趣的效果。

Particle Emitters work in conjunction with Particle Animators and Particle Renderers to create, manipulate, and display Particle Systems. All three Components must be present on an object before the particles will behave correctly. When particles are being emitted, all different velocities are added together to create the final velocity.

粒子发射器与粒子动画器和粒子渲染器一起工作来创建、处理和显示粒子系统。在粒子正确表现之前这三个组成部分都必须呈现在对象上。当粒子被发射，所有不同的速度相加成为最终的速度。

Spawning Properties 生成属性

Spawning properties like Size, Energy, Emission, and Velocity will give your particle system distinct personality when trying to achieve different effects. Having a small Size could simulate fireflies or stars in the sky. A large Size could simulate dust clouds in a musky old building.

产生粒子的属性，如尺寸、活力、发射、和速度将在你试图达到不同的效果时，给你的粒子系统鲜明的个性。用一个小的尺寸可以模拟萤火虫或天空中的星星，大尺寸的可以模拟尘埃云。

Energy and Emission will control how long your particles remain onscreen and how many particles can appear at any one time. For example, a rocket might have high Emission to simulate density of smoke, and high Energy to simulate the slow dispersion of smoke into the air.

能量和发射将控制你的屏幕上粒子将保留多久以及一次可以产生多少粒子。例如，火箭可能有较高的发射来模拟浓烟，较高的活力来模拟烟雾在空气中缓慢扩散。

Velocity will control how your particles move. You might want to change your Velocity in scripting to achieve interesting effects, or if you want to simulate a constant effect like wind, set your X and Z Velocity to make your particles blow away.

速度将控制你的粒子如何运动。你可能希望通过脚本来改变速度以实现有趣的效果，或者如果你要模拟一个持续效果，比如风，设定你的X和Z的速度，使你的粒子被吹走。

Simulate in World Space 模拟世界空间

If this is disabled, the position of each individual particle will always translate relative to the Position of the emitter. When the emitter moves, the particles will move along with it. If you have Simulate in World Space enabled, particles will not be affected by the translation of the emitter. For example, if you have a fireball that is spurting flames that rise, the flames will be spawned and float up in space as the fireball gets further away. If Simulate in World Space is disabled, those same flames will move across the screen along with the fireball.

如果该项被禁用，每个粒子的位置将始终相对于发射器的位置在变化。当发射器移动时，粒子将跟随它移动。如果启用该项，粒子将不会受到发射器移动的影响。例如，如果你有一个火球，它喷出的火焰是上升的，火焰会产生然后上浮在空中，离火球越来越远。如果模拟世界空间被禁用，相同的火焰会随着火球在屏幕上移动。

Emitter Velocity Scale 发射器速度比例

This property will only apply if Simulate in World Space is enabled.

此属性将只适用于模拟世界空间被启用时。

If this property is set to 1, the particles will inherit the exact translation of the emitter at the time they are spawned. If it is set to 2, the particles will inherit double the emitter's translation when they are spawned. 3 is triple the translation, etc.

如果此属性设置为1，粒子将在它们产生时精确继承发射器的变换（速度）。如果设置为2，粒子将继承双倍的发射器变换（速度）。设置为3则是三倍等等。

One Shot 单次发射

One Shot emitters will create all particles within the Emission property all at once, and cease to emit particles over time. Here are some examples of different particle system uses with One Shot Enabled or Disabled:

单次发射器将一次性创建Emission属性中（指定的数目）的所有的粒子，然后停止发射粒子。下面是单次发射启用或禁用时一些不同的粒子系统的例子：

Enabled 启用时：

Explosion 爆炸
Water splash 水花飞溅
Magic spell 魔法效果

Disabled 禁用时：

Gun barrel smoke 枪筒的烟
Wind effect 风的效果
Waterfall 瀑布

Min Emitter Range 最小发射器范围

The Min Emitter Range determines the depth within the ellipsoid that particles can be spawned. Setting it to 0 will allow particles to spawn anywhere from the center core of the ellipsoid to the outer-most range. Setting it to 1 will restrict spawn locations to the outer-most range of the ellipsoid.

最小发射器范围决定了可以产生粒子的椭球的内部深度。将其设置为0将允许从椭球中心到最外层的范围内任何地方产生粒子。将其设置为1将限制产生地点为椭球最外层。

Min Emitter Range of 0 最小发射器范围设置为0

Min Emitter Range of 1 最小发射器范围设置为1

Hints 提示

Be careful of using many large particles. This can seriously hinder performance on low-level machines. Always try to use the minimum number of particles to attain an effect.
使用大量粒子时要小心，这会严重妨碍低配置机器的性能。始终尝试用最小的粒子数目达到效果。
The Emit property works in conjunction with the AutoDestruct property of the Particle Animator. Through scripting, you can cease the emitter from emitting, and then AutoDestruct will automatically destroy the Particle System and the GameObject it is attached to.
Emit属性要与粒子动画的AutoDestruct（自动销毁）属性结合使用。通过脚本，你可以停止发射器，然后AutoDestruct会自动销毁粒子系统和它所附属的游戏对象。

Mesh Particle Emitter 网格粒子发射器

The Mesh Particle Emitter emits particles around a mesh. Particles are spawned from the surface of the mesh, which can be necessary when you want to make your particles interact in a complex way with objects.

网格粒子发射器在一个网格周围发射粒子。粒子从网格的表面产生，它适用于你想让粒子与物体通过复杂的方式相互作用的情况。

The Mesh Particle Emitter Inspector 网格粒子发射器的检视视图

Properties 属性

Emit 发射 If enabled, the emitter will emit particles.
如果启用，发射器将发射粒子
Min Size 最小尺寸 The minimum size each particle can be at the time when it is spawned.
在产生粒子时每个粒子可以达到的最小尺寸。
Max Size 最大尺寸 The maximum size each particle can be at the time when it is spawned.
在产生粒子时每个粒子可以达到的最大尺寸。
Min Energy 最小能量 The minimum lifetime of each particle, measured in seconds.
每个粒子的最短寿命，以秒为单位。
Max Energy 最大能量 The maximum lifetime of each particle, measured in seconds.
每个粒子的最长寿命，以秒为单位。
Min Emission 最小发射 The minimum number of particles that will be spawned every second.
每秒会产生的粒子的最小数目。
Max Emission 最大发射 The maximum number of particles that will be spawned every second.
每秒会产生的粒子的最大数目。
World Velocity 世界速度 The starting speed of particles in world space, along X, Y, and Z.
在世界空间中粒子的初始速度，沿X，Y和Z轴方向。
Local Velocity 局部速度 The starting speed of particles along X, Y, and Z, measured in the object's orientation.
在世界空间中粒子的初始速度，沿X，Y和Z轴方向。
Rnd Velocity 随机速度 A random speed along X, Y, and Z that is added to the velocity.
粒子沿X，Y和Z轴方向的初始速度，以对象的定向为测量基准
Emitter Velocity Scale
发射器速度比例 The amount of the emitter's speed that the particles inherit.
粒子继承的发射器速度的总和
Tangent Velocity
切线速度 The starting speed of particles along X, Y, and Z, across the Emitter's surface.
粒子沿X，Y和Z跨越发射器表面的初始速度
Simulate In World Space
模拟世界空间 If enabled, the particles don't move when the emitter moves. If false, when you move the emitter, the particles follow it around.
如果启用，发射器移动时粒子不动；如果禁用，发射器移动时，粒子则跟随在周围
One Shot 单次发射 If enabled, the particle numbers specified by min & max emission is spawned all at once. If disabled, the particles are generated in a long stream.
如果启用，由最小和最大之间指定一次性产生发射的粒子数。如果禁用，这些粒子将产生一个粒子流。
Interpolate Triangles
插值三角形 If enabled, particles are spawned all over the mesh's surface. If disabled, particles are only spawned from the mesh's vertrices.
如果启用，粒子将产生在网格的表面上；如果禁用，粒子仅从网格的顶点产生
Systematic
系统的 If enabled, particles are spawned in the order of the vertices defined in the mesh. Although you seldom have direct control over vertex order in meshes, most 3D modelling applications have a very systematic setup when using primitives. It is important that the mesh contains no faces in order for this to work.
如果启用，粒子将按网格定义的顶点顺序来产生。虽然你很少直接控制网格顶点顺序，但在初始使用时大多数3D建模程序中有非常系统的设置。这在网格没有表面的时候是很重要的。
Min Normal Velocity
最小正常速率 Minimum amount that particles are thrown away from the mesh.
.从网格抛出的粒子的最小数目
Max Normal Velocity
最大正常速率 Maximum amount that particles are thrown away from the mesh.
从网格抛出的粒子的最大数目

Details 细节

Mesh Particle Emitters (MPEs) are used when you want more precise control over the spawn position & directions than the simpler Ellipsoid Particle Emitter gives you. They can be used for making advanced effects.

网格粒子发射器（MPEs）用来更精确地控制粒子生成位置和方向，比椭球粒子发射器更简单。它们可用于制造高级的效果。

MPEs work by emitting particles at the vertices of the attached mesh. Therefore, the areas of your mesh that are more dense with polygons will be more dense with particle emission.

MPEs通过附属网格的顶点发射粒子。因此，你的网格区域的多边形越密集，粒子发射也就越密集。