设计模式 - 组合

组合（Composite）

Intent

将对象组合成树形结构来表示“整体/部分”层次关系，允许用户以相同的方式处理单独对象和组合对象。

Class Diagram

组件（Component）类是组合类（Composite）和叶子类（Leaf）的父类，可以把组合类看成是树的中间节点。

组合对象拥有一个或者多个组件对象，因此组合对象的操作可以委托给组件对象去处理，而组件对象可以是另一个组合对象或者叶子对象。

Implementation

// java
public abstract class Component {
    protected String name;

    public Component(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void print() {
        print(0);
    }

    abstract void print(int level);

    abstract public void add(Component component);

    abstract public void remove(Component component);
}

// java
public class Composite extends Component {

    private List child;

    public Composite(String name) {
        super(name);
        child = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    @Override
    void print(int level) {
        for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
            System.out.print("--");
        }
        System.out.println("Composite:" + name);
        for (Component component : child) {
            component.print(level + 1);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void add(Component component) {
        child.add(component);
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(Component component) {
        child.remove(component);
    }
}

// java
public class Leaf extends Component {
    public Leaf(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    void print(int level) {
        for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
            System.out.print("--");
        }
        System.out.println("left:" + name);
    }

    @Override
    public void add(Component component) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); // 牺牲透明性换取单一职责原则，这样就不用考虑是叶子节点还是组合节点
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(Component component) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

// java
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Composite root = new Composite("root");
        Component node1 = new Leaf("1");
        Component node2 = new Composite("2");
        Component node3 = new Leaf("3");
        root.add(node1);
        root.add(node2);
        root.add(node3);
        Component node21 = new Leaf("21");
        Component node22 = new Composite("22");
        node2.add(node21);
        node2.add(node22);
        Component node221 = new Leaf("221");
        node22.add(node221);
        root.print();
    }
}

// html
Composite:root
--left:1
--Composite:2
----left:21
----Composite:22
------left:221
--left:3

JDK

• javax.swing.JComponent#add(Component)
• java.awt.Container#add(Component)
• java.util.Map#putAll(Map)
• java.util.List#addAll(Collection)
• java.util.Set#addAll(Collection)