Leetcode 题解 - 链表
- 1. 找出两个链表的交点
- 2. 链表反转
- 3. 归并两个有序的链表
- 4. 从有序链表中删除重复节点
- 5. 删除链表的倒数第 n 个节点
- 6. 交换链表中的相邻结点
- 7. 链表求和
- 8. 回文链表
- 9. 分隔链表
- 10. 链表元素按奇偶聚集
链表是空节点,或者有一个值和一个指向下一个链表的指针,因此很多链表问题可以用递归来处理。
1. 找出两个链表的交点
160. Intersection of Two Linked Lists (Easy)
例如以下示例中 A 和 B 两个链表相交于 c1:
// html A: a1 → a2 ↘ c1 → c2 → c3 ↗ B: b1 → b2 → b3
但是不会出现以下相交的情况,因为每个节点只有一个 next 指针,也就只能有一个后继节点,而以下示例中节点 c 有两个后继节点。
// html A: a1 → a2 d1 → d2 ↘ ↗ c ↗ ↘ B: b1 → b2 → b3 e1 → e2
要求时间复杂度为 O(N),空间复杂度为 O(1)。如果不存在交点则返回 null。
设 A 的长度为 a + c,B 的长度为 b + c,其中 c 为尾部公共部分长度,可知 a + c + b = b + c + a。
当访问 A 链表的指针访问到链表尾部时,令它从链表 B 的头部开始访问链表 B;同样地,当访问 B 链表的指针访问到链表尾部时,令它从链表 A 的头部开始访问链表 A。这样就能控制访问 A 和 B 两个链表的指针能同时访问到交点。
如果不存在交点,那么 a + b = b + a,以下实现代码中 l1 和 l2 会同时为 null,从而退出循环。
// java public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) { ListNode l1 = headA, l2 = headB; while (l1 != l2) { l1 = (l1 == null) ? headB : l1.next; l2 = (l2 == null) ? headA : l2.next; } return l1; }
如果只是判断是否存在交点,那么就是另一个问题,即 编程之美 3.6 的问题。有两种解法:
- 把第一个链表的结尾连接到第二个链表的开头,看第二个链表是否存在环;
- 或者直接比较两个链表的最后一个节点是否相同。
2. 链表反转
206. Reverse Linked List (Easy)
递归
// java public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) { if (head == null || head.next == null) { return head; } ListNode next = head.next; ListNode newHead = reverseList(next); next.next = head; head.next = null; return newHead; }
头插法
// java public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) { ListNode newHead = new ListNode(-1); while (head != null) { ListNode next = head.next; head.next = newHead.next; newHead.next = head; head = next; } return newHead.next; }
3. 归并两个有序的链表
21. Merge Two Sorted Lists (Easy)
// java public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) { if (l1 == null) return l2; if (l2 == null) return l1; if (l1.val < l2.val) { l1.next = mergeTwoLists(l1.next, l2); return l1; } else { l2.next = mergeTwoLists(l1, l2.next); return l2; } }
4. 从有序链表中删除重复节点
83. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List (Easy)
// html Given 1->1->2, return 1->2. Given 1->1->2->3->3, return 1->2->3.
// java public ListNode deleteDuplicates(ListNode head) { if (head == null || head.next == null) return head; head.next = deleteDuplicates(head.next); return head.val == head.next.val ? head.next : head; }
5. 删除链表的倒数第 n 个节点
19. Remove Nth Node From End of List (Medium)
// html Given linked list: 1->2->3->4->5, and n = 2. After removing the second node from the end, the linked list becomes 1->2->3->5.
// java public ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode head, int n) { ListNode fast = head; while (n-- > 0) { fast = fast.next; } if (fast == null) return head.next; ListNode slow = head; while (fast.next != null) { fast = fast.next; slow = slow.next; } slow.next = slow.next.next; return head; }
6. 交换链表中的相邻结点
24. Swap Nodes in Pairs (Medium)
// html Given 1->2->3->4, you should return the list as 2->1->4->3.
题目要求:不能修改结点的 val 值,O(1) 空间复杂度。
// java public ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head) { ListNode node = new ListNode(-1); node.next = head; ListNode pre = node; while (pre.next != null && pre.next.next != null) { ListNode l1 = pre.next, l2 = pre.next.next; ListNode next = l2.next; l1.next = next; l2.next = l1; pre.next = l2; pre = l1; } return node.next; }
7. 链表求和
445. Add Two Numbers II (Medium)
// html Input: (7 -> 2 -> 4 -> 3) + (5 -> 6 -> 4) Output: 7 -> 8 -> 0 -> 7
题目要求:不能修改原始链表。
// java public ListNode addTwoNumbers(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) { Stack l1Stack = buildStack(l1); Stack l2Stack = buildStack(l2); ListNode head = new ListNode(-1); int carry = 0; while (!l1Stack.isEmpty() || !l2Stack.isEmpty() || carry != 0) { int x = l1Stack.isEmpty() ? 0 : l1Stack.pop(); int y = l2Stack.isEmpty() ? 0 : l2Stack.pop(); int sum = x + y + carry; ListNode node = new ListNode(sum % 10); node.next = head.next; head.next = node; carry = sum / 10; } return head.next; } private Stack buildStack(ListNode l) { Stack stack = new Stack<>(); while (l != null) { stack.push(l.val); l = l.next; } return stack; }
8. 回文链表
234. Palindrome Linked List (Easy)
题目要求:以 O(1) 的空间复杂度来求解。
切成两半,把后半段反转,然后比较两半是否相等。
// java public boolean isPalindrome(ListNode head) { if (head == null || head.next == null) return true; ListNode slow = head, fast = head.next; while (fast != null && fast.next != null) { slow = slow.next; fast = fast.next.next; } if (fast != null) slow = slow.next; // 偶数节点,让 slow 指向下一个节点 cut(head, slow); // 切成两个链表 return isEqual(head, reverse(slow)); } private void cut(ListNode head, ListNode cutNode) { while (head.next != cutNode) { head = head.next; } head.next = null; } private ListNode reverse(ListNode head) { ListNode newHead = null; while (head != null) { ListNode nextNode = head.next; head.next = newHead; newHead = head; head = nextNode; } return newHead; } private boolean isEqual(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) { while (l1 != null && l2 != null) { if (l1.val != l2.val) return false; l1 = l1.next; l2 = l2.next; } return true; }
9. 分隔链表
725. Split Linked List in Parts(Medium)
// html Input: root = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], k = 3 Output: [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7], [8, 9, 10]] Explanation: The input has been split into consecutive parts with size difference at most 1, and earlier parts are a larger size than the later parts.
题目描述:把链表分隔成 k 部分,每部分的长度都应该尽可能相同,排在前面的长度应该大于等于后面的。
// java public ListNode[] splitListToParts(ListNode root, int k) { int N = 0; ListNode cur = root; while (cur != null) { N++; cur = cur.next; } int mod = N % k; int size = N / k; ListNode[] ret = new ListNode[k]; cur = root; for (int i = 0; cur != null && i < k; i++) { ret[i] = cur; int curSize = size + (mod-- > 0 ? 1 : 0); for (int j = 0; j < curSize - 1; j++) { cur = cur.next; } ListNode next = cur.next; cur.next = null; cur = next; } return ret; }
10. 链表元素按奇偶聚集
328. Odd Even Linked List (Medium)
// html Example: Given 1->2->3->4->5->NULL, return 1->3->5->2->4->NULL.
// java public ListNode oddEvenList(ListNode head) { if (head == null) { return head; } ListNode odd = head, even = head.next, evenHead = even; while (even != null && even.next != null) { odd.next = odd.next.next; odd = odd.next; even.next = even.next.next; even = even.next; } odd.next = evenHead; return head; }