38. 字符串的排列

NowCoder

题目描述

输入一个字符串，按字典序打印出该字符串中字符的所有排列。例如输入字符串 abc，则打印出由字符 a, b, c 所能排列出来的所有字符串 abc, acb, bac, bca, cab 和 cba。

解题思路

// java
private ArrayList ret = new ArrayList<>();

public ArrayList Permutation(String str) {
    if (str.length() == 0)
        return ret;
    char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
    Arrays.sort(chars);
    backtracking(chars, new boolean[chars.length], new StringBuilder());
    return ret;
}

private void backtracking(char[] chars, boolean[] hasUsed, StringBuilder s) {
    if (s.length() == chars.length) {
        ret.add(s.toString());
        return;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
        if (hasUsed[i])
            continue;
        if (i != 0 && chars[i] == chars[i - 1] && !hasUsed[i - 1]) /* 保证不重复 */
            continue;
        hasUsed[i] = true;
        s.append(chars[i]);
        backtracking(chars, hasUsed, s);
        s.deleteCharAt(s.length() - 1);
        hasUsed[i] = false;
    }
}