zlib — GNU zlib 压缩库

处理内存中的数据

# zlib_memory.py
import zlib
import binascii

original_data = b'This is the original text.'
print('Original     :', len(original_data), original_data)

compressed = zlib.compress(original_data)
print('Compressed   :', len(compressed),
      binascii.hexlify(compressed))

decompressed = zlib.decompress(compressed)
print('Decompressed :', len(decompressed), decompressed)

# zlib_lengths.py
import zlib

original_data = b'This is the original text.'

template = '{:>15}  {:>15}'
print(template.format('len(data)', 'len(compressed)'))
print(template.format('-' * 15, '-' * 15))

for i in range(5):
    data = original_data * i
    compressed = zlib.compress(data)
    highlight = '*' if len(data) < len(compressed) else ''
    print(template.format(len(data), len(compressed)), highlight)

# zlib_compresslevel.py
import zlib

input_data = b'Some repeated text.\n' * 1024
template = '{:>5}  {:>5}'

print(template.format('Level', 'Size'))
print(template.format('-----', '----'))

for i in range(0, 10):
    data = zlib.compress(input_data, i)
    print(template.format(i, len(data)))

增量压缩和解压缩

# zlib_incremental.py
import zlib
import binascii

compressor = zlib.compressobj(1)

with open('lorem.txt', 'rb') as input:
    while True:
        block = input.read(64)
        if not block:
            break
        compressed = compressor.compress(block)
        if compressed:
            print('Compressed: {}'.format(
                binascii.hexlify(compressed)))
        else:
            print('buffering...')
    remaining = compressor.flush()
    print('Flushed: {}'.format(binascii.hexlify(remaining)))

混合内容流

# zlib_mixed.py
import zlib

lorem = open('lorem.txt', 'rb').read()
compressed = zlib.compress(lorem)
combined = compressed + lorem

decompressor = zlib.decompressobj()
decompressed = decompressor.decompress(combined)

decompressed_matches = decompressed == lorem
print('Decompressed matches lorem:', decompressed_matches)

unused_matches = decompressor.unused_data == lorem
print('Unused data matches lorem :', unused_matches)

校验和

# zlib_checksums.py
import zlib

data = open('lorem.txt', 'rb').read()

cksum = zlib.adler32(data)
print('Adler32: {:12d}'.format(cksum))
print('       : {:12d}'.format(zlib.adler32(data, cksum)))

cksum = zlib.crc32(data)
print('CRC-32 : {:12d}'.format(cksum))
print('       : {:12d}'.format(zlib.crc32(data, cksum)))

网络数据压缩

# zlib_server.py
import zlib
import logging
import socketserver
import binascii

BLOCK_SIZE = 64


class ZlibRequestHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):

    logger = logging.getLogger('Server')

    def handle(self):
        compressor = zlib.compressobj(1)

        # Find out what file the client wants
        filename = self.request.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
        self.logger.debug('client asked for: %r', filename)

        # Send chunks of the file as they are compressed
        with open(filename, 'rb') as input:
            while True:
                block = input.read(BLOCK_SIZE)
                if not block:
                    break
                self.logger.debug('RAW %r', block)
                compressed = compressor.compress(block)
                if compressed:
                    self.logger.debug(
                        'SENDING %r',
                        binascii.hexlify(compressed))
                    self.request.send(compressed)
                else:
                    self.logger.debug('BUFFERING')

        # Send any data being buffered by the compressor
        remaining = compressor.flush()
        while remaining:
            to_send = remaining[:BLOCK_SIZE]
            remaining = remaining[BLOCK_SIZE:]
            self.logger.debug('FLUSHING %r',
                              binascii.hexlify(to_send))
            self.request.send(to_send)
        return


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import socket
    import threading
    from io import BytesIO

    logging.basicConfig(
        level=logging.DEBUG,
        format='%(name)s: %(message)s',
    )
    logger = logging.getLogger('Client')

    # Set up a server, running in a separate thread
    address = ('localhost', 0)  # let the kernel assign a port
    server = socketserver.TCPServer(address, ZlibRequestHandler)
    ip, port = server.server_address  # what port was assigned?

    t = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
    t.setDaemon(True)
    t.start()

    # Connect to the server as a client
    logger.info('Contacting server on %s:%s', ip, port)
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    s.connect((ip, port))

    # Ask for a file
    requested_file = 'lorem.txt'
    logger.debug('sending filename: %r', requested_file)
    len_sent = s.send(requested_file.encode('utf-8'))

    # Receive a response
    buffer = BytesIO()
    decompressor = zlib.decompressobj()
    while True:
        response = s.recv(BLOCK_SIZE)
        if not response:
            break
        logger.debug('READ %r', binascii.hexlify(response))

        # Include any unconsumed data when
        # feeding the decompressor.
        to_decompress = decompressor.unconsumed_tail + response
        while to_decompress:
            decompressed = decompressor.decompress(to_decompress)
            if decompressed:
                logger.debug('DECOMPRESSED %r', decompressed)
                buffer.write(decompressed)
                # Look for unconsumed data due to buffer overflow
                to_decompress = decompressor.unconsumed_tail
            else:
                logger.debug('BUFFERING')
                to_decompress = None

    # deal with data reamining inside the decompressor buffer
    remainder = decompressor.flush()
    if remainder:
        logger.debug('FLUSHED %r', remainder)
        buffer.write(remainder)

    full_response = buffer.getvalue()
    lorem = open('lorem.txt', 'rb').read()
    logger.debug('response matches file contents: %s',
                 full_response == lorem)

    # Clean up
    s.close()
    server.socket.close()