hashlib — 哈希库

用途: 密码散列和消息摘要

散列算法

• md5
• sha1
• sha224
• sha256
• sha384
• sha384
• sha512

import hashlib


print('Guaranteed:\n{}\n'.format(
    ', '.join(sorted(hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed))))
print('Available:\n{}'.format(
    ', '.join(sorted(hashlib.algorithms_available))))

示例数据

hashlib_data.py

import hashlib

lorem = '''Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna
aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation
ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis
aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat
cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt
mollit anim id est laborum.'''

MD5例子

import hashlib

from hashlib_data import lorem

h = hashlib.md5()
h.update(lorem.encode('utf-8'))
print(h.hexdigest())

SHA1例子

import hashlib

from hashlib_data import lorem

h = hashlib.sha1()
h.update(lorem.encode('utf-8'))
print(h.hexdigest())

通过名字创建散列

import argparse
import hashlib
import sys

from hashlib_data import lorem


parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('hashlib demo')
parser.add_argument(
    'hash_name',
    choices=hashlib.algorithms_available,
    help='the name of the hash algorithm to use',
)
parser.add_argument(
    'data',
    nargs='?',
    default=lorem,
    help='the input data to hash, defaults to lorem ipsum',
)
args = parser.parse_args()

h = hashlib.new(args.hash_name)
h.update(args.data.encode('utf-8'))
print(h.hexdigest())

增量更新

import hashlib

from hashlib_data import lorem

h = hashlib.md5()
h.update(lorem.encode('utf-8'))
all_at_once = h.hexdigest()


def chunkize(size, text):
    "Return parts of the text in size-based increments."
    start = 0
    while start < len(text):
        chunk = text[start:start + size]
        yield chunk
        start += size
    return


h = hashlib.md5()
for chunk in chunkize(64, lorem.encode('utf-8')):
    h.update(chunk)
line_by_line = h.hexdigest()

print('All at once :', all_at_once)
print('Line by line:', line_by_line)
print('Same        :', (all_at_once == line_by_line))