os.path — 平台独立的文件名操作工具

解析路径

# ospath_split.py
import os.path

PATHS = [
    '/one/two/three',
    '/one/two/three/',
    '/',
    '.',
    '',
]

for path in PATHS:
    print('{!r:>17} : {}'.format(path, os.path.split(path)))

# ospath_basename.py
import os.path

PATHS = [
    '/one/two/three',
    '/one/two/three/',
    '/',
    '.',
    '',
]

for path in PATHS:
    print('{!r:>17} : {!r}'.format(path, os.path.basename(path)))

# ospath_dirname.py
import os.path

PATHS = [
    '/one/two/three',
    '/one/two/three/',
    '/',
    '.',
    '',
]

for path in PATHS:
    print('{!r:>17} : {!r}'.format(path, os.path.dirname(path)))

# ospath_splitext.py
import os.path

PATHS = [
    'filename.txt',
    'filename',
    '/path/to/filename.txt',
    '/',
    '',
    'my-archive.tar.gz',
    'no-extension.',
]

for path in PATHS:
    print('{!r:>21} : {!r}'.format(path, os.path.splitext(path)))

# ospath_commonprefix.py
import os.path

paths = ['/one/two/three/four',
         '/one/two/threefold',
         '/one/two/three/',
         ]
for path in paths:
    print('PATH:', path)

print()
print('PREFIX:', os.path.commonprefix(paths))

# ospath_commonpath.py
import os.path

paths = ['/one/two/three/four',
         '/one/two/threefold',
         '/one/two/three/',
         ]
for path in paths:
    print('PATH:', path)

print()
print('PREFIX:', os.path.commonpath(paths))

建立路径

# ospath_join.py
import os.path

PATHS = [
    ('one', 'two', 'three'),
    ('/', 'one', 'two', 'three'),
    ('/one', '/two', '/three'),
]

for parts in PATHS:
    print('{} : {!r}'.format(parts, os.path.join(*parts)))

# ospath_expanduser.py
import os.path

for user in ['', 'dhellmann', 'nosuchuser']:
    lookup = '~' + user
    print('{!r:>15} : {!r}'.format(
        lookup, os.path.expanduser(lookup)))

# ospath_expandvars.py
import os.path
import os

os.environ['MYVAR'] = 'VALUE'

print(os.path.expandvars('/path/to/$MYVAR'))

规范化路径

# ospath_normpath.py
import os.path

PATHS = [
    'one//two//three',
    'one/./two/./three',
    'one/../alt/two/three',
]

for path in PATHS:
    print('{!r:>22} : {!r}'.format(path, os.path.normpath(path)))

# ospath_abspath.py
import os
import os.path

os.chdir('/usr')

PATHS = [
    '.',
    '..',
    './one/two/three',
    '../one/two/three',
]

for path in PATHS:
    print('{!r:>21} : {!r}'.format(path, os.path.abspath(path)))

文件时间

# ospath_properties.py
import os.path
import time

print('File         :', __file__)
print('Access time  :', time.ctime(os.path.getatime(__file__)))
print('Modified time:', time.ctime(os.path.getmtime(__file__)))
print('Change time  :', time.ctime(os.path.getctime(__file__)))
print('Size         :', os.path.getsize(__file__))

测试文件

# ospath_tests.py
import os.path

FILENAMES = [
    __file__,
    os.path.dirname(__file__),
    '/',
    './broken_link',
]

for file in FILENAMES:
    print('File        : {!r}'.format(file))
    print('Absolute    :', os.path.isabs(file))
    print('Is File?    :', os.path.isfile(file))
    print('Is Dir?     :', os.path.isdir(file))
    print('Is Link?    :', os.path.islink(file))
    print('Mountpoint? :', os.path.ismount(file))
    print('Exists?     :', os.path.exists(file))
    print('Link Exists?:', os.path.lexists(file))
    print()