tarfile — Tar 打包接口

测试 Tar 文件

# tarfile_is_tarfile.py
import tarfile

for filename in ['README.txt', 'example.tar',
                 'bad_example.tar', 'notthere.tar']:
    try:
        print('{:>15}  {}'.format(filename, tarfile.is_tarfile(
            filename)))
    except IOError as err:
        print('{:>15}  {}'.format(filename, err))

从归档中读取元数据

# tarfile_getnames.py
import tarfile

with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
    print(t.getnames())

# tarfile_getmembers.py
import tarfile
import time

with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
    for member_info in t.getmembers():
        print(member_info.name)
        print('  Modified:', time.ctime(member_info.mtime))
        print('  Mode    :', oct(member_info.mode))
        print('  Type    :', member_info.type)
        print('  Size    :', member_info.size, 'bytes')
        print()

# tarfile_getmember.py
import tarfile
import time

with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
    for filename in ['README.txt', 'notthere.txt']:
        try:
            info = t.getmember(filename)
        except KeyError:
            print('ERROR: Did not find {} in tar archive'.format(
                filename))
        else:
            print('{} is {:d} bytes'.format(
                info.name, info.size))

从存档中提取文件

# tarfile_extractfile.py
import tarfile

with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
    for filename in ['README.txt', 'notthere.txt']:
        try:
            f = t.extractfile(filename)
        except KeyError:
            print('ERROR: Did not find {} in tar archive'.format(
                filename))
        else:
            print(filename, ':')
            print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))

# tarfile_extract.py
import tarfile
import os

os.mkdir('outdir')
with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
    t.extract('README.txt', 'outdir')
print(os.listdir('outdir'))

# tarfile_extractall.py
import tarfile
import os

os.mkdir('outdir')
with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
    t.extractall('outdir')
print(os.listdir('outdir'))

# tarfile_extractall_members.py
import tarfile
import os

os.mkdir('outdir')
with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
    t.extractall('outdir',
                 members=[t.getmember('README.txt')],
                 )
print(os.listdir('outdir'))

创建新归档

# tarfile_add.py
import tarfile

print('creating archive')
with tarfile.open('tarfile_add.tar', mode='w') as out:
    print('adding README.txt')
    out.add('README.txt')

print()
print('Contents:')
with tarfile.open('tarfile_add.tar', mode='r') as t:
    for member_info in t.getmembers():
        print(member_info.name)

使用备用归档成员名

# tarfile_addfile.py
import tarfile

print('creating archive')
with tarfile.open('tarfile_addfile.tar', mode='w') as out:
    print('adding README.txt as RENAMED.txt')
    info = out.gettarinfo('README.txt', arcname='RENAMED.txt')
    out.addfile(info)

print()
print('Contents:')
with tarfile.open('tarfile_addfile.tar', mode='r') as t:
    for member_info in t.getmembers():
        print(member_info.name)

写入数据文件以外的来源

# tarfile_addfile_string.py
import io
import tarfile

text = 'This is the data to write to the archive.'
data = text.encode('utf-8')

with tarfile.open('addfile_string.tar', mode='w') as out:
    info = tarfile.TarInfo('made_up_file.txt')
    info.size = len(data)
    out.addfile(info, io.BytesIO(data))

print('Contents:')
with tarfile.open('addfile_string.tar', mode='r') as t:
    for member_info in t.getmembers():
        print(member_info.name)
        f = t.extractfile(member_info)
        print(f.read().decode('utf-8'))

附加归档

# tarfile_append.py
import tarfile

print('creating archive')
with tarfile.open('tarfile_append.tar', mode='w') as out:
    out.add('README.txt')

print('contents:',)
with tarfile.open('tarfile_append.tar', mode='r') as t:
    print([m.name for m in t.getmembers()])

print('adding index.rst')
with tarfile.open('tarfile_append.tar', mode='a') as out:
    out.add('index.rst')

print('contents:',)
with tarfile.open('tarfile_append.tar', mode='r') as t:
    print([m.name for m in t.getmembers()])

使用压缩归档

# tarfile_compression.py
import tarfile
import os

fmt = '{:<30} {:<10}'
print(fmt.format('FILENAME', 'SIZE'))
print(fmt.format('README.txt', os.stat('README.txt').st_size))

FILES = [
    ('tarfile_compression.tar', 'w'),
    ('tarfile_compression.tar.gz', 'w:gz'),
    ('tarfile_compression.tar.bz2', 'w:bz2'),
]

for filename, write_mode in FILES:
    with tarfile.open(filename, mode=write_mode) as out:
        out.add('README.txt')

    print(fmt.format(filename, os.stat(filename).st_size),
          end=' ')
    print([
        m.name
        for m in tarfile.open(filename, 'r:*').getmembers()
    ])