locale — 本地化API

Probing the Current Locale

# locale_env.py
import locale
import os
import pprint

# Default settings based on the user's environment.
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')

print('Environment settings:')
for env_name in ['LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LANG', 'LANGUAGE']:
    print('  {} = {}'.format(
        env_name, os.environ.get(env_name, ''))
    )

# What is the locale?
print('\nLocale from environment:', locale.getlocale())

template = """
Numeric formatting:

  Decimal point      : "{decimal_point}"
  Grouping positions : {grouping}
  Thousands separator: "{thousands_sep}"

Monetary formatting:

  International currency symbol   : "{int_curr_symbol!r}"
  Local currency symbol           : {currency_symbol!r}
  Symbol precedes positive value  : {p_cs_precedes}
  Symbol precedes negative value  : {n_cs_precedes}
  Decimal point                   : "{mon_decimal_point}"
  Digits in fractional values     : {frac_digits}
  Digits in fractional values,
                   international  : {int_frac_digits}
  Grouping positions              : {mon_grouping}
  Thousands separator             : "{mon_thousands_sep}"
  Positive sign                   : "{positive_sign}"
  Positive sign position          : {p_sign_posn}
  Negative sign                   : "{negative_sign}"
  Negative sign position          : {n_sign_posn}

"""

sign_positions = {
    0: 'Surrounded by parentheses',
    1: 'Before value and symbol',
    2: 'After value and symbol',
    3: 'Before value',
    4: 'After value',
    locale.CHAR_MAX: 'Unspecified',
}

info = {}
info.update(locale.localeconv())
info['p_sign_posn'] = sign_positions[info['p_sign_posn']]
info['n_sign_posn'] = sign_positions[info['n_sign_posn']]

print(template.format(**info))

Currency

# locale_currency.py
import locale

sample_locales = [
    ('USA', 'en_US'),
    ('France', 'fr_FR'),
    ('Spain', 'es_ES'),
    ('Portugal', 'pt_PT'),
    ('Poland', 'pl_PL'),
]

for name, loc in sample_locales:
    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, loc)
    print('{:>10}: {:>10}  {:>10}'.format(
        name,
        locale.currency(1234.56),
        locale.currency(-1234.56),
    ))

Formatting Numbers

# locale_grouping.py
import locale

sample_locales = [
    ('USA', 'en_US'),
    ('France', 'fr_FR'),
    ('Spain', 'es_ES'),
    ('Portugal', 'pt_PT'),
    ('Poland', 'pl_PL'),
]

print('{:>10} {:>10} {:>15}'.format(
    'Locale', 'Integer', 'Float')
)
for name, loc in sample_locales:
    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, loc)

    print('{:>10}'.format(name), end=' ')
    print(locale.format('%10d', 123456, grouping=True), end=' ')
    print(locale.format('%15.2f', 123456.78, grouping=True))

# locale_delocalize.py
import locale

sample_locales = [
    ('USA', 'en_US'),
    ('France', 'fr_FR'),
    ('Spain', 'es_ES'),
    ('Portugal', 'pt_PT'),
    ('Poland', 'pl_PL'),
]

for name, loc in sample_locales:
    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, loc)
    localized = locale.format('%0.2f', 123456.78, grouping=True)
    delocalized = locale.delocalize(localized)
    print('{:>10}: {:>10}  {:>10}'.format(
        name,
        localized,
        delocalized,
    ))

Parsing Numbers

# locale_atof.py
import locale

sample_data = [
    ('USA', 'en_US', '1,234.56'),
    ('France', 'fr_FR', '1234,56'),
    ('Spain', 'es_ES', '1234,56'),
    ('Portugal', 'pt_PT', '1234.56'),
    ('Poland', 'pl_PL', '1 234,56'),
]

for name, loc, a in sample_data:
    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, loc)
    print('{:>10}: {:>9} => {:f}'.format(
        name,
        a,
        locale.atof(a),
    ))

Dates and Times

# locale_date.py
import locale
import time

sample_locales = [
    ('USA', 'en_US'),
    ('France', 'fr_FR'),
    ('Spain', 'es_ES'),
    ('Portugal', 'pt_PT'),
    ('Poland', 'pl_PL'),
]

for name, loc in sample_locales:
    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, loc)
    format = locale.nl_langinfo(locale.D_T_FMT)
    print('{:>10}: {}'.format(name, time.strftime(format)))