datetime — 操作日期和时间

datetime模块包括函数和类进行解析、日期和时间格式,和算术 datetime包含用于处理日期和时间函数和类,分别和在一起。

times 时间

datetime_time.py

import datetime

t = datetime.time(1, 2, 3)
print(t)
print('hour       :', t.hour)
print('minute     :', t.minute)
print('second     :', t.second)
print('microsecond:', t.microsecond)
print('tzinfo     :', t.tzinfo)

datetime_time_minmax.py

import datetime

print('Earliest  :', datetime.time.min)
print('Latest    :', datetime.time.max)
print('Resolution:', datetime.time.resolution)

datetime_time_resolution.py

import datetime

for m in [1, 0, 0.1, 0.6]:
    try:
        print('{:02.1f} :'.format(m),
              datetime.time(0, 0, 0, microsecond=m))
    except TypeError as err:
        print('ERROR:', err)

Dates 日期

datetime_date.py

import datetime

today = datetime.date.today()
print(today)
print('ctime  :', today.ctime())
tt = today.timetuple()
print('tuple  : tm_year  =', tt.tm_year)
print('         tm_mon   =', tt.tm_mon)
print('         tm_mday  =', tt.tm_mday)
print('         tm_hour  =', tt.tm_hour)
print('         tm_min   =', tt.tm_min)
print('         tm_sec   =', tt.tm_sec)
print('         tm_wday  =', tt.tm_wday)
print('         tm_yday  =', tt.tm_yday)
print('         tm_isdst =', tt.tm_isdst)
print('ordinal:', today.toordinal())
print('Year   :', today.year)
print('Mon    :', today.month)
print('Day    :', today.day)

datetime_date_fromordinal.py

import datetime
import time

o = 733114
print('o               :', o)
print('fromordinal(o)  :', datetime.date.fromordinal(o))

t = time.time()
print('t               :', t)
print('fromtimestamp(t):', datetime.date.fromtimestamp(t))

datetime_date_minmax.py

import datetime

print('Earliest  :', datetime.date.min)
print('Latest    :', datetime.date.max)
print('Resolution:', datetime.date.resolution)

datetime_date_replace.py

import datetime

d1 = datetime.date(2008, 3, 29)
print('d1:', d1.ctime())

d2 = d1.replace(year=2009)
print('d2:', d2.ctime())

timedeltas

datetime_timedelta.py

import datetime

print('microseconds:', datetime.timedelta(microseconds=1))
print('milliseconds:', datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=1))
print('seconds     :', datetime.timedelta(seconds=1))
print('minutes     :', datetime.timedelta(minutes=1))
print('hours       :', datetime.timedelta(hours=1))
print('days        :', datetime.timedelta(days=1))
print('weeks       :', datetime.timedelta(weeks=1))

datetime_timedelta_total_seconds.py

import datetime

for delta in [datetime.timedelta(microseconds=1),
              datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=1),
              datetime.timedelta(seconds=1),
              datetime.timedelta(minutes=1),
              datetime.timedelta(hours=1),
              datetime.timedelta(days=1),
              datetime.timedelta(weeks=1),
              ]:
    print('{:15} = {:8} seconds'.format(
        str(delta), delta.total_seconds())
    )

Date Arithmetic

datetime_date_math.py

import datetime

today = datetime.date.today()
print('Today    :', today)

one_day = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
print('One day  :', one_day)

yesterday = today - one_day
print('Yesterday:', yesterday)

tomorrow = today + one_day
print('Tomorrow :', tomorrow)

print()
print('tomorrow - yesterday:', tomorrow - yesterday)
print('yesterday - tomorrow:', yesterday - tomorrow)

datetime_timedelta_math.py

import datetime

one_day = datetime.timedelta(days=1)
print('1 day    :', one_day)
print('5 days   :', one_day * 5)
print('1.5 days :', one_day * 1.5)
print('1/4 day  :', one_day / 4)

# assume an hour for lunch
work_day = datetime.timedelta(hours=7)
meeting_length = datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
print('meetings per day :', work_day / meeting_length)

datetime_comparing.py

import datetime
import time

print('Times:')
t1 = datetime.time(12, 55, 0)
print('  t1:', t1)
t2 = datetime.time(13, 5, 0)
print('  t2:', t2)
print('  t1 < t2:', t1 < t2)

print()
print('Dates:')
d1 = datetime.date.today()
print('  d1:', d1)
d2 = datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
print('  d2:', d2)
print('  d1 > d2:', d1 > d2)

Combining Dates and Times

datetime_datetime.py

import datetime

print('Now    :', datetime.datetime.now())
print('Today  :', datetime.datetime.today())
print('UTC Now:', datetime.datetime.utcnow())
print()

FIELDS = [
    'year', 'month', 'day',
    'hour', 'minute', 'second',
    'microsecond',
]

d = datetime.datetime.now()
for attr in FIELDS:
    print('{:15}: {}'.format(attr, getattr(d, attr)))

datetime_datetime_combine.py

import datetime

t = datetime.time(1, 2, 3)
print('t :', t)

d = datetime.date.today()
print('d :', d)

dt = datetime.datetime.combine(d, t)
print('dt:', dt)

Formatting and Parsing 格式化与解析

datetime_datetime_strptime.py

import datetime

format = "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"

today = datetime.datetime.today()
print('ISO     :', today)

s = today.strftime(format)
print('strftime:', s)

d = datetime.datetime.strptime(s, format)
print('strptime:', d.strftime(format))

datetime_format.py

import datetime

today = datetime.datetime.today()
print('ISO     :', today)
print('format(): {:%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y}'.format(today))