json — json 操作工具

编码和解码简单数据类型

# json_simple_types.py
import json

data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]
print('DATA:', repr(data))

data_string = json.dumps(data)
print('JSON:', data_string)

# json_simple_types_decode.py
import json

data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]
print('DATA   :', data)

data_string = json.dumps(data)
print('ENCODED:', data_string)

decoded = json.loads(data_string)
print('DECODED:', decoded)

print('ORIGINAL:', type(data[0]['b']))
print('DECODED :', type(decoded[0]['b']))

人类可读的与紧凑的输出

# json_sort_keys.py
import json

data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]
print('DATA:', repr(data))

unsorted = json.dumps(data)
print('JSON:', json.dumps(data))
print('SORT:', json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True))

first = json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True)
second = json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True)

print('UNSORTED MATCH:', unsorted == first)
print('SORTED MATCH  :', first == second)

# json_indent.py
import json

data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]
print('DATA:', repr(data))

print('NORMAL:', json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True))
print('INDENT:', json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True, indent=2))

# json_compact_encoding.py
import json

data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]
print('DATA:', repr(data))

print('repr(data)             :', len(repr(data)))

plain_dump = json.dumps(data)
print('dumps(data)            :', len(plain_dump))

small_indent = json.dumps(data, indent=2)
print('dumps(data, indent=2)  :', len(small_indent))

with_separators = json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'))
print('dumps(data, separators):', len(with_separators))

编码字典

# json_skipkeys.py
import json

data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0, ('d',): 'D tuple'}]

print('First attempt')
try:
    print(json.dumps(data))
except TypeError as err:
    print('ERROR:', err)

print()
print('Second attempt')
print(json.dumps(data, skipkeys=True))

使用自定义类型

# json_myobj.py
class MyObj:

    def __init__(self, s):
        self.s = s

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<MyObj({})>'.format(self.s)

# json_dump_default.py
import json
import json_myobj

obj = json_myobj.MyObj('instance value goes here')

print('First attempt')
try:
    print(json.dumps(obj))
except TypeError as err:
    print('ERROR:', err)


def convert_to_builtin_type(obj):
    print('default(', repr(obj), ')')
    # Convert objects to a dictionary of their representation
    d = {
        '__class__': obj.__class__.__name__,
        '__module__': obj.__module__,
    }
    d.update(obj.__dict__)
    return d


print()
print('With default')
print(json.dumps(obj, default=convert_to_builtin_type))

# json_load_object_hook.py
import json


def dict_to_object(d):
    if '__class__' in d:
        class_name = d.pop('__class__')
        module_name = d.pop('__module__')
        module = __import__(module_name)
        print('MODULE:', module.__name__)
        class_ = getattr(module, class_name)
        print('CLASS:', class_)
        args = {
            key: value
            for key, value in d.items()
        }
        print('INSTANCE ARGS:', args)
        inst = class_(**args)
    else:
        inst = d
    return inst


encoded_object = '''
    [{"s": "instance value goes here",
      "__module__": "json_myobj", "__class__": "MyObj"}]
    '''

myobj_instance = json.loads(
    encoded_object,
    object_hook=dict_to_object,
)
print(myobj_instance)

编码器和译码器类

# json_encoder_iterable.py
import json

encoder = json.JSONEncoder()
data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]

for part in encoder.iterencode(data):
    print('PART:', part)

# json_encoder_default.py
import json
import json_myobj


class MyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):

    def default(self, obj):
        print('default(', repr(obj), ')')
        # Convert objects to a dictionary of their representation
        d = {
            '__class__': obj.__class__.__name__,
            '__module__': obj.__module__,
        }
        d.update(obj.__dict__)
        return d


obj = json_myobj.MyObj('internal data')
print(obj)
print(MyEncoder().encode(obj))

# json_decoder_object_hook.py
import json


class MyDecoder(json.JSONDecoder):

    def __init__(self):
        json.JSONDecoder.__init__(
            self,
            object_hook=self.dict_to_object,
        )

    def dict_to_object(self, d):
        if '__class__' in d:
            class_name = d.pop('__class__')
            module_name = d.pop('__module__')
            module = __import__(module_name)
            print('MODULE:', module.__name__)
            class_ = getattr(module, class_name)
            print('CLASS:', class_)
            args = {
                key: value
                for key, value in d.items()
            }
            print('INSTANCE ARGS:', args)
            inst = class_(**args)
        else:
            inst = d
        return inst


encoded_object = '''
[{"s": "instance value goes here",
  "__module__": "json_myobj", "__class__": "MyObj"}]
'''

myobj_instance = MyDecoder().decode(encoded_object)
print(myobj_instance)

处理流和文件

# json_dump_file.py
import io
import json

data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]

f = io.StringIO()
json.dump(data, f)

print(f.getvalue())

# json_load_file.py

import io
import json

f = io.StringIO('[{"a": "A", "c": 3.0, "b": [2, 4]}]')
print(json.load(f))

混合数据流

# json_mixed_data.py
import json

decoder = json.JSONDecoder()


def get_decoded_and_remainder(input_data):
    obj, end = decoder.raw_decode(input_data)
    remaining = input_data[end:]
    return (obj, end, remaining)


encoded_object = '[{"a": "A", "c": 3.0, "b": [2, 4]}]'
extra_text = 'This text is not JSON.'

print('JSON first:')
data = ' '.join([encoded_object, extra_text])
obj, end, remaining = get_decoded_and_remainder(data)

print('Object              :', obj)
print('End of parsed input :', end)
print('Remaining text      :', repr(remaining))

print()
print('JSON embedded:')
try:
    data = ' '.join([extra_text, encoded_object, extra_text])
    obj, end, remaining = get_decoded_and_remainder(data)
except ValueError as err:
    print('ERROR:', err)

JSON在命令行

python3 -m json.tool example.json

# 排序
python3 -m json.tool --sort-keys example.json