filecmp — 文件比较

示例数据

# filecmp_mkexamples.py
import os


def mkfile(filename, body=None):
    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
        f.write(body or filename)
    return


def make_example_dir(top):
    if not os.path.exists(top):
        os.mkdir(top)
    curdir = os.getcwd()
    os.chdir(top)

    os.mkdir('dir1')
    os.mkdir('dir2')

    mkfile('dir1/file_only_in_dir1')
    mkfile('dir2/file_only_in_dir2')

    os.mkdir('dir1/dir_only_in_dir1')
    os.mkdir('dir2/dir_only_in_dir2')

    os.mkdir('dir1/common_dir')
    os.mkdir('dir2/common_dir')

    mkfile('dir1/common_file', 'this file is the same')
    mkfile('dir2/common_file', 'this file is the same')

    mkfile('dir1/not_the_same')
    mkfile('dir2/not_the_same')

    mkfile('dir1/file_in_dir1', 'This is a file in dir1')
    os.mkdir('dir2/file_in_dir1')

    os.chdir(curdir)
    return


if __name__ == '__main__':
    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.getcwd())
    make_example_dir('example')
    make_example_dir('example/dir1/common_dir')
    make_example_dir('example/dir2/common_dir')

文件比较

# filecmp_cmp.py
import filecmp

print('common_file :', end=' ')
print(filecmp.cmp('example/dir1/common_file',
                  'example/dir2/common_file'),
      end=' ')
print(filecmp.cmp('example/dir1/common_file',
                  'example/dir2/common_file',
                  shallow=False))

print('not_the_same:', end=' ')
print(filecmp.cmp('example/dir1/not_the_same',
                  'example/dir2/not_the_same'),
      end=' ')
print(filecmp.cmp('example/dir1/not_the_same',
                  'example/dir2/not_the_same',
                  shallow=False))

print('identical   :', end=' ')
print(filecmp.cmp('example/dir1/file_only_in_dir1',
                  'example/dir1/file_only_in_dir1'),
      end=' ')
print(filecmp.cmp('example/dir1/file_only_in_dir1',
                  'example/dir1/file_only_in_dir1',
                  shallow=False))

# filecmp_cmpfiles.py
import filecmp
import os

# Determine the items that exist in both directories
d1_contents = set(os.listdir('example/dir1'))
d2_contents = set(os.listdir('example/dir2'))
common = list(d1_contents & d2_contents)
common_files = [
    f
    for f in common
    if os.path.isfile(os.path.join('example/dir1', f))
]
print('Common files:', common_files)

# Compare the directories
match, mismatch, errors = filecmp.cmpfiles(
    'example/dir1',
    'example/dir2',
    common_files,
)
print('Match       :', match)
print('Mismatch    :', mismatch)
print('Errors      :', errors)

目录比较

# filecmp_dircmp_report.py
import filecmp

dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
dc.report()

# filecmp_dircmp_report_full_closure.py
import filecmp

dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
dc.report_full_closure()

在一个程序中使用的差异

# filecmp_dircmp_list.py
import filecmp
import pprint

dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
print('Left:')
pprint.pprint(dc.left_list)

print('\nRight:')
pprint.pprint(dc.right_list)

# filecmp_dircmp_list_filter.py
import filecmp
import pprint

dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2',
                    ignore=['common_file'])

print('Left:')
pprint.pprint(dc.left_list)

print('\nRight:')
pprint.pprint(dc.right_list)

# filecmp_dircmp_membership.py
import filecmp
import pprint

dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
print('Common:')
pprint.pprint(dc.common)

print('\nLeft:')
pprint.pprint(dc.left_only)

print('\nRight:')
pprint.pprint(dc.right_only)

# filecmp_dircmp_common.py
import filecmp
import pprint

dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
print('Common:')
pprint.pprint(dc.common)

print('\nDirectories:')
pprint.pprint(dc.common_dirs)

print('\nFiles:')
pprint.pprint(dc.common_files)

print('\nFunny:')
pprint.pprint(dc.common_funny)

# filecmp_dircmp_diff.py
import filecmp

dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
print('Same      :', dc.same_files)
print('Different :', dc.diff_files)
print('Funny     :', dc.funny_files)

# filecmp_dircmp_subdirs.py
import filecmp

dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
print('Subdirectories:')
print(dc.subdirs)