pathlib — 像操作对象一样操作文件系统路径
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小牛编辑
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2023-12-01
建立路径
# pathlib_operator.py
import pathlib
usr = pathlib.PurePosixPath('/usr')
print(usr)
usr_local = usr / 'local'
print(usr_local)
usr_share = usr / pathlib.PurePosixPath('share')
print(usr_share)
root = usr / '..'
print(root)
etc = root / '/etc/'
print(etc)
# pathlib_resolve.py
import pathlib
usr_local = pathlib.Path('/usr/local')
share = usr_local / '..' / 'share'
print(share.resolve())
# pathlib_joinpath.py
import pathlib
root = pathlib.PurePosixPath('/')
subdirs = ['usr', 'local']
usr_local = root.joinpath(*subdirs)
print(usr_local)
# pathlib_from_existing.py
import pathlib
ind = pathlib.PurePosixPath('source/pathlib/index.rst')
print(ind)
py = ind.with_name('pathlib_from_existing.py')
print(py)
pyc = py.with_suffix('.pyc')
print(pyc)
解析路径
# pathlib_parts.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('/usr/local')
print(p.parts)
# pathlib_parents.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('/usr/local/lib')
print('parent: {}'.format(p.parent))
print('\nhierarchy:')
for up in p.parents:
print(up)
# pathlib_name.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('./source/pathlib/pathlib_name.py')
print('path : {}'.format(p))
print('name : {}'.format(p.name))
print('suffix: {}'.format(p.suffix))
print('stem : {}'.format(p.stem))
创建具体的路径
# pathlib_convenience.py
import pathlib
home = pathlib.Path.home()
print('home: ', home)
cwd = pathlib.Path.cwd()
print('cwd : ', cwd)
目录内容
# pathlib_iterdir.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.Path('.')
for f in p.iterdir():
print(f)
# pathlib_glob.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.Path('..')
for f in p.glob('*.rst'):
print(f)
# pathlib_rglob.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.Path('..')
for f in p.rglob('pathlib_*.py'):
print(f)
读写文件
# pathlib_read_write.py
import pathlib
f = pathlib.Path('example.txt')
f.write_bytes('This is the content'.encode('utf-8'))
with f.open('r', encoding='utf-8') as handle:
print('read from open(): {!r}'.format(handle.read()))
print('read_text(): {!r}'.format(f.read_text('utf-8')))
操纵目录和符号链接
# pathlib_mkdir.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.Path('example_dir')
print('Creating {}'.format(p))
p.mkdir()
# pathlib_symlink_to.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.Path('example_link')
p.symlink_to('index.rst')
print(p)
print(p.resolve().name)
文件类型
# pathlib_types.py
import itertools
import os
import pathlib
root = pathlib.Path('test_files')
# Clean up from previous runs.
if root.exists():
for f in root.iterdir():
f.unlink()
else:
root.mkdir()
# Create test files
(root / 'file').write_text(
'This is a regular file', encoding='utf-8')
(root / 'symlink').symlink_to('file')
os.mkfifo(str(root / 'fifo'))
# Check the file types
to_scan = itertools.chain(
root.iterdir(),
[pathlib.Path('/dev/disk0'),
pathlib.Path('/dev/console')],
)
hfmt = '{:18s}' + (' {:>5}' * 6)
print(hfmt.format('Name', 'File', 'Dir', 'Link', 'FIFO', 'Block',
'Character'))
print()
fmt = '{:20s} ' + ('{!r:>5} ' * 6)
for f in to_scan:
print(fmt.format(
str(f),
f.is_file(),
f.is_dir(),
f.is_symlink(),
f.is_fifo(),
f.is_block_device(),
f.is_char_device(),
))
文件属性
# pathlib_stat.py
import pathlib
import sys
import time
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
filename = __file__
else:
filename = sys.argv[1]
p = pathlib.Path(filename)
stat_info = p.stat()
print('{}:'.format(filename))
print(' Size:', stat_info.st_size)
print(' Permissions:', oct(stat_info.st_mode))
print(' Owner:', stat_info.st_uid)
print(' Device:', stat_info.st_dev)
print(' Created :', time.ctime(stat_info.st_ctime))
print(' Last modified:', time.ctime(stat_info.st_mtime))
print(' Last accessed:', time.ctime(stat_info.st_atime))
# pathlib_ownership.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.Path(__file__)
print('{} is owned by {}/{}'.format(p, p.owner(), p.group()))
# pathlib_touch.py
import pathlib
import time
p = pathlib.Path('touched')
if p.exists():
print('already exists')
else:
print('creating new')
p.touch()
start = p.stat()
time.sleep(1)
p.touch()
end = p.stat()
print('Start:', time.ctime(start.st_mtime))
print('End :', time.ctime(end.st_mtime))
权限
# pathlib_chmod.py
import os
import pathlib
import stat
# Create a fresh test file.
f = pathlib.Path('pathlib_chmod_example.txt')
if f.exists():
f.unlink()
f.write_text('contents')
# Determine what permissions are already set using stat.
existing_permissions = stat.S_IMODE(f.stat().st_mode)
print('Before: {:o}'.format(existing_permissions))
# Decide which way to toggle them.
if not (existing_permissions & os.X_OK):
print('Adding execute permission')
new_permissions = existing_permissions | stat.S_IXUSR
else:
print('Removing execute permission')
# use xor to remove the user execute permission
new_permissions = existing_permissions ^ stat.S_IXUSR
# Make the change and show the new value.
f.chmod(new_permissions)
after_permissions = stat.S_IMODE(f.stat().st_mode)
print('After: {:o}'.format(after_permissions))
删除
# pathlib_rmdir.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.Path('example_dir')
print('Removing {}'.format(p))
p.rmdir()
# pathlib_unlink.py
import pathlib
p = pathlib.Path('touched')
p.touch()
print('exists before removing:', p.exists())
p.unlink()
print('exists after removing:', p.exists())