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2023-12-01

智能数据平台

当代数字化战略,数字化转型的核心是数据,数据平台是关键因素,MongoDB智能操作数据平台目的,就是让新型数字化应用开发更快、更简单;运行更可靠、客户体验更好;部署更容易,运维更简单。

iodp.png

Best way to work with data(为快速开发而生)

MongoDB 的诞生之初的目的就是为了帮助开发者快速开发,MongoDB是当前全球最受开发人员欢迎的的数据库。

Easy(易用)

任何开发,数据模型设计都是开发核心工作,MongoDB 的模型采用对象模式,让数据库模型可以和业务对象模型直接映射。

  1. 数据库中存储文档记录与开发代码中的对象天然匹配 - (JSON 文档数据库的由来、车联网等新业务中 OData4 标准、面向对象编程语言 ORM 框架)

  2. 能代表或抽象任意形式的数据

  3. 操作简单

  4. 20 种数据 JSON 数据类型

  5. 丰富的驱动生态

0. 准备
// 启动数据库,创建用户
$ mongod --dbpath data/db --auth

$ mongo admin --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{role: "root", db: "admin"}]})'

// 安装 nodejs 及驱动
$ node -v
v10.15.3

$ npm install mongodb
1-A: 插入 NodeJS 中对象 doc1(easy-insert-doc1.js
var doc1 = {
    "name": "Alice Smith",
    "balance": 99.99
}

$ node easy-insert-doc1.js
1-B: 查看数据库中的对象
db.easy.findOne({ "name": "Alice Smith"})
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("5cce7a2d60aee811ef4dfc06"),
	"name" : "Alice Smith",
	"balance" : 99.99
}
2-A: 插入 NodeJS 中对象 doc2(easy-insert-doc2.js
var doc2 = {
    "name": "Bob Brown",
    "balance": 492.45,
    "accountNo": 489275482,
    "accountType": 2,
    "phone": [ "555-3456325", "1800-mongodb" ],
    "address": {
       "building": "MongoDB HQ",
       "city": "NYC",
       "zip": 10036
    }
}
2-B: 查看数据库中的对象
db.easy.findOne({ "name": "Bob Brown"})
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("5cce7c5c573f5412ad66a0ba"),
	"name" : "Bob Brown",
	"balance" : 492.45,
	"accountNo" : 489275482,
	"accountType" : 2,
	"phone" : [
		"555-3456325",
		"1800-mongodb"
	],
	"address" : {
		"building" : "MongoDB HQ",
		"city" : "NYC",
		"zip" : 10036
	}
}
3-A: 插入 NodeJS 中多个对象(easy-insert-multiple.js
$ node easy-insert-multiple.js
3-B: 查看数据库中的多个对象
db.easy.find({"name": "Bob Brown", "address.city": "NYC"}).pretty()
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("5cb6dd320c8075db42407f91"),
	"name" : "Bob Brown",
	"balance" : NumberDecimal("492.450000000000"),
	"accountNo" : 489275482,
	"accountType" : 2,
	"phone" : [
		"555-3456325",
		"1800-mongodb"
	],
	"address" : {
		"building" : "MongoDB HQ",
		"city" : "NYC",
		"zip" : 10036
	}
}
...
4-A: 查找并替换
doc = db.easy.findOne({"name": "Alice Smith"})
db.easy.replaceOne ({"_id": doc._id}, {"name": "Imposter", "balance": 10000000, "message": "Nothing to see here!"})
4-B: 查看数据库中的对象
db.easy.findOne ({"_id": doc._id})
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("5cb6dcdc0c8075db42407f90"),
	"name" : "Imposter",
	"balance" : 10000000,
	"message" : "Nothing to see here!"
}
5-A: 查找并更新
doc = db.easy.findOne({"name": "Bob Brown"})
db.easy.updateOne ({"_id": doc._id}, {$set: {"balance": NumberDecimal(10000000)}})
5-B: 查看数据库中的对象
db.easy.findOne ({"_id": doc._id})
{
	"_id" : ObjectId("5cb6dd320c8075db42407f91"),
	"name" : "Bob Brown",
	"balance" : NumberDecimal("10000000.0000000"),
	"accountNo" : 489275482,
	"accountType" : 2,
	"phone" : [
		"555-3456325",
		"1800-mongodb"
	],
	"address" : {
		"building" : "MongoDB HQ",
		"city" : "NYC",
		"zip" : 10036
	}
}
6-A: 删除对象
db.easy.deleteMany ({"name": "Alice Smith"})
6-B: 查看数据库中的对象
db.easy.findOne ({"name": "Alice Smith"})
null

Flexible(灵活)

在开发中,特别是新业务开发中,另一个很大的挑战,要不断调整数据模型来适应业务的变化,这个在传统关系数据库开发中,是非常耗时和复杂的操作,而 MongoDB 数据模型可灵活更改,应对业务变化轻而易举。

无需改表就可实现模型变化,具体包括:

  • 添加字段,直接插入,无需改表

  • 同一个表中,可保存不同属性的记录

  • 不同版本数据,可以在表中和平共存

比如,我做电商业务,开始只买画,产品表中的记录只有画的属性,名字、尺寸、颜色:

var paintDoc = {
	"product_name" : "Acme Paint",
	"color" : [
		"Red",
		"Green"
	],
	"size_oz" : [
		8,
		32
	],
	"finish" : [
		"satin",
		"eggshell"
	]
}

db.retail.insertOne(paintDoc);
db.retail.findOne({product_name: "Acme Paint"}, {_id: 0})

之后,我开始卖衣服,需要有以衣服的尺寸、材料等新属性,无需修改表,可以将以衣服的记录,插入

var shirtDoc = {
	"product_name" : "T-shirt",
	"size" : [
		"S",
		"M",
		"L",
		"XL"
	],
	"color" : [
		"Heather Gray"
	],
	"material" : "100% cotton",
	"wash" : "cold",
	"dry" : "tumble dry low"
}

db.retail.insertOne(shirtDoc);
db.retail.findOne({product_name: "T-shirt"}, {_id: 0})

然后,我又开始买自行车

var bikeDoc = {
	"product_name" : "Mountain Bike",
	"brake_style" : "mechanical disc",
	"color" : "grey",
	"frame_material" : "aluminum",
	"no_speeds" : 21,
	"package_height" : "7.5x32.9x55",
	"weight_lbs" : 44.05,
	"suspension_type" : "dual",
	"wheel_size_in" : 26
}

db.retail.insertOne(bikeDoc);
db.retail.findOne({product_name: "Mountain Bike"}, {_id: 0})

这也就是为什么,几乎所有新型电商的产品库,都是采用的 MongoDB 的原因,这个特性也带了另一个好处,就是可以在一个表中,保持不同版本的数据,而且彼此互不影响,这个特点,在手机APP开发和物联网开发上,尤其重要因为手机 APP 和物联网,都会用很多版本的终端的运行,每个版本,都可能上传不同的数据结构,数据库必须能够支持多种数据版本,在同一个表中运行。

Fast(高效)

本部分通过 mongod、mongo、compass 等组件说明 MongoDB 支持更大的数据量处理能力,为应用提供更佳性能,支持 PB 级数据处理。

1. 启动 mongod 创建用户名密码
$ mongod --dbpath data/db --auth

$ mongo admin --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{role: "root", db: "admin"}]})'
2. 运行 insert_accounts_one.py 插入 1m 条数据
$ ./insert_accounts_one.py
1000000 records inserted

3. 查看性能指标

iodp fast insert one.png

4. 运行 insert_accounts_bulk.py 批量插入 1m 条数据
$ ./insert_accounts_bulk.py
1000000 records inserted

5. 查看性能指标

iodp fast inset bulk.png

Note可以看到十几秒时间内一条一条插入 1m 条数据(400 MB)完成,批量插入数秒完成插入,且两种插入性能指标变化不大,说明 MongoDB 能够轻松应对百万级别的数据插入操作
6. 全表扫描查询
> var result = db.customers.explain(1).count({manager:"Barry Mongo"})
> var extract = {"winningPlan": result.queryPlanner.winningPlan.inputStage.stage, "totalDocsExamined": result.executionStats.totalDocsExamined, "executionTimeMillis": result.executionStats.executionTimeMillis}
> extract
{
	"winningPlan" : "EOF",
	"totalDocsExamined" : 0,
	"executionTimeMillis" : 0
}
Note可以看到全表扫描 1m 条数据花费了 383 毫秒。
7. 创建索引后执行同样查看
> db.customers.createIndex({manager: 1})
> var result = db.customers.explain(1).count({manager:"Barry Mongo"})
> var extract = {"winningPlan": result.queryPlanner.winningPlan.inputStage.stage, "totalDocsExamined": result.executionStats.totalDocsExamined, "executionTimeMillis": result.executionStats.executionTimeMillis}
> extract
{
	"winningPlan" : "COUNT_SCAN",
	"totalDocsExamined" : 0,
	"executionTimeMillis" : 3
}
Note可以看到索引命中查询 1m 条数据花费的时间小于 1 毫秒,综上MongoDB 能够轻松应对百万级别的数据读操作

Versatile(强大)

MongoDB 提供丰富的功能让开发者在一个平台解决绝大部分问题,除了常见聚合查询,现代数据分析数组查询、图搜索、位置搜索、分桶查询都可支持。

1. 执行 insert.py 导入数据
$ ./insert.py

Adding company and customer records - may take about 30 seconds...

50029 company records added

50001 customer records added
2. 查询 customers
> db.customers.findOne({firstname: 'Mandy', lastname: 'Morrison'})
{
	"_id" : 123456,
	"balance" : 89788,
	"lastname" : "Morrison",
	"pending_transactions" : [
		{
			"amount" : 6423,
			"to_party" : "Atlantic Ltd"
		},
		{
			"amount" : 7582,
			"to_party" : "Lewis Group PLC"
		}
	],
	"firstname" : "Mandy"
}
3. 查询 companies
> db.companies.find({_id: 'Atlantic Ltd'}).pretty()
{
	"_id" : "Atlantic Ltd",
	"part_of" : "Pacific Co",
	"watch" : false,
	"name" : "Atlantic Ltd"
}

> db.companies.find({_id: 'Antartic LLP'}).pretty()
{
	"_id" : "Antartic LLP",
	"part_of" : "",
	"watch" : true,
	"name" : "Antartic LLP"
}
4. 运行聚合流水线
var cust_id = 123456

db.customers.aggregate([
    {$match: {'_id': cust_id}},
        {$graphLookup: {
            from: 'companies',
            startWith: '$pending_transactions.to_party',
            connectFromField: 'part_of',
            connectToField: '_id',
            depthField: 'depth',
            as: 'org_hierarchy'
        }}
    ]).pretty()
5. 运行聚合流水线
var cust_id = 123456

db.customers.aggregate([
    // Look at specific customer account only
    {$match: {'_id': cust_id}},

    // Build list of ancestor companies for each pending transaction in the account
    {$graphLookup: {
        from: 'companies',
        startWith: '$pending_transactions.to_party',
        connectFromField: 'part_of',
        connectToField: '_id',
        depthField: 'depth',
        as: 'org_hierarchy'
    }},

    // Expand the companies array to show each found company as a separate line item
    {$unwind: '$org_hierarchy'},

    // Filter out any company line items that don't have a watch flag set
    {$match: {'org_hierarchy.watch': true}},

    // Group together summary information with all the flagged companies held in an array
    {$group: {
        _id: '$_id',
        firstname: {$first: '$firstname'},
        lastname: {$first: '$lastname'},
        watch_flag_company_alerts: {$push: "$org_hierarchy._id"}
    }}
]).pretty()

Intelligently put data where you want it(为高效可靠运行而设计)

Availability(高可用)

MongoDB 简单易行,与生俱来的高可用架构。为保证服务的可靠性,MongoDB采用分布式架构,可以跨服务器、机架、区域和大洲的部署,整个架构,不存在任何单点故障,和传统关系数据库比,整个高可用架构无需任何额外配置,默认部署就支持节点互相接管。

1. 启动一个三节点复制子集
//创建数据库存储文件及内部通信加密文件
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/r{0,1,2}
$ openssl rand -base64 755 > ~/tmp/keyfile
$ chmod 400 ~/tmp/keyfile

//启动
$ for i in 0 1 2 ; do mongod --dbpath ~/tmp/r$i --logpath ~/tmp/r$i/mongo.log --port 2700$i --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/keyfile --replSet repl-1 ; done

//初始化
$ mongo admin --port 27000 --eval "rs.initiate()"

//创建安全登录账户
$ mongo admin --port 27000 --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{ role:"root", db: "admin" }]})'

//添加备节点
$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27001")'
$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27002")'
2. 执行插入 2m 条数据(insert_accounts_ha.py)
$ ./insert_accounts_ha.py
3. 停止主节点后重启
$ kill -9 1501
$ mongod --dbpath ~/tmp/r0 --logpath ~/tmp/r0/mongo.log --port 27000 --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/keyfile --replSet repl-1

Scalability(分布式灵活扩展)

1. 启动一个两分片的集群
//创建数据库存储文件及内部通信加密文件
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/ra{0,1,2}
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/rb{0,1,2}
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/cs{0,1,2}
$ openssl rand -base64 755 > ~/tmp/keyfile
$ chmod 400 ~/tmp/keyfile

//启动 ConfigServer,初始化,创建管理用户,并添加备节点
$ for i in 0 1 2 ; do mongod --configsvr --dbpath ~/tmp/cs$i --logpath ~/tmp/cs$i/mongo.log --port 2600$i --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/keyfile --replSet repl-cs ; done

$ mongo admin --port 26000 --eval "rs.initiate()"

$ mongo admin --port 26000 --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{ role:"root", db: "admin" }]})'

$ mongo admin --port 26000 -u root -p mongo --eval 'rs.add("localhost:26001")'
$ mongo admin --port 26000 -u root -p mongo --eval 'rs.add("localhost:26002")'

//启动 mongos,并查看分片状态
$ mongos --configdb 'repl-cs/localhost:26000,localhost:26001,localhost:26002' --logpath ~/tmp/mongos.log --port 27017 --fork --keyFile ~/tmp/keyfile

$ mongo admin -u root -p mongo --eval 'sh.status()'

//启动分片a,初始化,创建管理账户,添加备节点
$ for i in 0 1 2 ; do mongod --shardsvr --dbpath ~/tmp/ra$i --logpath ~/tmp/ra$i/mongo.log --port 2700$i --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/keyfile --replSet repl-a ; done

$ mongo admin --port 27000 --eval "rs.initiate()"

$ mongo admin --port 27000 --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{ role:"root", db: "admin" }]})'

$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27001")'
$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27002")'

//启动分片b,初始化,创建管理账户,添加备节点
$ for i in 0 1 2 ; do mongod --shardsvr --dbpath ~/tmp/rb$i --logpath ~/tmp/rb$i/mongo.log --port 2800$i --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/keyfile --replSet repl-b ; done

$ mongo admin --port 28000 --eval "rs.initiate()"

$ mongo admin --port 28000 --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{ role:"root", db: "admin" }]})'

$ mongo admin --port 28000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:28001")'
$ mongo admin --port 28000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:28002")'

//配置分片,并查看分片状态
$ mongo admin -u root -p mongo --eval 'sh.addShard("repl-a/localhost:27000,localhost:27001,localhost:27002")'
$ mongo admin -u root -p mongo --eval 'sh.addShard("repl-b/localhost:28000,localhost:28001,localhost:28002")'

$ mongo admin -u root -p mongo --eval 'sh.status()'
2. 创建一个分片集合,并创建 shard key
use bankdata
sh.enableSharding("bankdata")
sh.shardCollection("bankdata.accounts", { accountNo: 1 })
3. 插入一些数据
var doc = {
   "name": "John Doe",
   "balance": 99.99
}
for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
   doc.accountNo = i
   db.accounts.insertOne( doc )
}

db.accounts.getShardDistribution()

Shard repl-b at repl-b/localhost:28000,localhost:28001,localhost:28002
 data : 7.34MiB docs : 100000 chunks : 1
 estimated data per chunk : 7.34MiB
 estimated docs per chunk : 100000

Totals
 data : 7.34MiB docs : 100000 chunks : 1
 Shard repl-b contains 100% data, 100% docs in cluster, avg obj size on shard : 77B
4. 模拟大量数据导入,手动创建多个 chunk(默认只有当 chunk 的大小大于 64 M 时才开始移动)
sh.splitAt("bankdata.accounts", {"accountNo": NumberLong(20000)})
sh.splitAt("bankdata.accounts", {"accountNo": NumberLong(40000)})
sh.splitAt("bankdata.accounts", {"accountNo": NumberLong(60000)})
sh.splitAt("bankdata.accounts", {"accountNo": NumberLong(80000)})

如上会创建 5 个 chunk,会触 Chunk 的再平衡,最终结果是一个分片两个 Chunks,另一个分片三个 Chunks。

5. 查看统计数据
db.accounts.getShardDistribution()

Shard repl-a at repl-a/localhost:27000,localhost:27001,localhost:27002
 data : 2.93MiB docs : 40000 chunks : 2
 estimated data per chunk : 1.46MiB
 estimated docs per chunk : 20000

Shard repl-b at repl-b/localhost:28000,localhost:28001,localhost:28002
 data : 4.4MiB docs : 60000 chunks : 3
 estimated data per chunk : 1.46MiB
 estimated docs per chunk : 20000

Totals
 data : 7.34MiB docs : 100000 chunks : 5
 Shard repl-a contains 40% data, 40% docs in cluster, avg obj size on shard : 77B
 Shard repl-b contains 60% data, 60% docs in cluster, avg obj size on shard : 77B

Workload Isolation(负载隔离)

负载隔离指读和写操作负载隔离,实时操作和实时分析隔离。

1. 启动一个三节点复制子集
//创建数据库存储文件及内部通信加密文件
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/r{0,1,2,3,4}
$ openssl rand -base64 755 > ~/tmp/keyfile
$ chmod 400 ~/tmp/keyfile

//启动
$ for i in 0 1 2 3 4 ; do mongod --dbpath ~/tmp/r$i --logpath ~/tmp/r$i/mongo.log --port 2700$i --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/keyfile --replSet repl-1 ; done

//初始化
$ mongo admin --port 27000 --eval "rs.initiate()"

//创建安全登录账户
$ mongo admin --port 27000 --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{ role:"root", db: "admin" }]})'

//添加备节点
$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27001")'
$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27002")'
$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27003")'
$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27004")'
2. 配置负载隔离
cfg = rs.config();
cfg.members[0].priority=1;
cfg.members[0].tags = {"use": "op"};
cfg.members[1].priority=1;
cfg.members[1].tags = {"use": "op"};
cfg.members[2].priority=1;
cfg.members[2].tags = {"use": "op"};
cfg.members[3].priority=0;
cfg.members[3].tags = {"use": "analytics"};
cfg.members[4].priority=0;
cfg.members[4].tags = {"use": "analytics"};
rs.reconfig(cfg);
3. 分别进行读和写操作(insert_data.py, read_data.py)
$ ./insert_data.py
$ ./read_data.py
4. mongostat 查看读写操作的所对应的节点
$ mongostat --port 27000 --discover -u root -p mongo --authenticationDatabase admin
           host insert query update delete getmore command dirty used flushes vsize   res qrw arw net_in net_out conn    set repl                time
localhost:27000      2    *0     *0     *0      16    28|0  0.0% 0.0%       0 5.10G 31.0M 0|0 1|0  24.4k   83.8k   26 repl-1  PRI Apr 30 18:08:23.648

           host insert query update delete getmore command dirty used flushes vsize   res qrw arw net_in net_out conn    set repl                time
localhost:27000      2    *0     *0     *0      16    33|0  0.0% 0.0%       0 5.10G 31.0M 0|0 1|0  25.5k   86.3k   26 repl-1  PRI Apr 30 18:08:24.645
localhost:27001     *2    *0     *0     *0       0    13|0  0.0% 0.0%       0 4.97G 29.0M 0|0 1|0  1.61k   67.3k   12 repl-1  SEC Apr 30 18:08:23.711
localhost:27002     *2    *0     *0     *0       0    12|0  0.0% 0.0%       0 4.97G 28.0M 0|0 1|0  1.41k   66.4k   12 repl-1  SEC Apr 30 18:08:23.714
localhost:27003     *2     2     *0     *0       0    12|0  0.0% 0.0%       0 4.97G 29.0M 0|0 1|0  2.08k   68.3k   13 repl-1  SEC Apr 30 18:08:23.707
localhost:27004     *2     3     *0     *0       0    12|0  0.0% 0.0%       0 4.97G 28.0M 0|0 1|0  2.41k   69.0k   13 repl-1  SEC Apr 30 18:08:23.708

Locality(本地读取)

MongoDB 支持读和写在不同的地理位置。

1. 启动一个跨地理位置的分片集群
//创建数据库存储文件及内部通信加密文件
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/cluster/config/{c0,c1,c2}
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/cluster/EU/{m0,m1,m2}
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/cluster/US/{m0,m1,m2}
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/cluster/APAC/{m0,m1,m2}
$ mkdir -p ~/tmp/cluster/{s0,s1}

$ openssl rand -base64 755 > ~/tmp/cluster/keyfile
$ chmod 400 ~/tmp/cluster/keyfile

//启动 EU 分片,初始化,创建管理账户,添加备节点
$ for i in 0 1 2 ; do mongod --shardsvr --dbpath ~/tmp/cluster/EU/m$i --logpath ~/tmp/cluster/EU/m$i/mongo.log --port 2400$i --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/cluster/keyfile --replSet EU ; done

$ mongo admin --port 24000 --eval "rs.initiate()"

$ mongo admin --port 24000 --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{ role:"root", db: "admin" }]})'

$ mongo admin --port 24000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:24001")'
$ mongo admin --port 24000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:24002")'

$ mongo admin --port 24000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.isMaster()'
$ mongo admin --port 24000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.status()'

//启动 US 分片,初始化,创建管理账户,添加备节点
$ for i in 0 1 2 ; do mongod --shardsvr --dbpath ~/tmp/cluster/US/m$i --logpath ~/tmp/cluster/US/m$i/mongo.log --port 2500$i --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/cluster/keyfile --replSet US ; done

$ mongo admin --port 25000 --eval "rs.initiate()"

$ mongo admin --port 25000 --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{ role:"root", db: "admin" }]})'

$ mongo admin --port 25000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:25001")'
$ mongo admin --port 25000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:25002")'

$ mongo admin --port 25000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.isMaster()'
$ mongo admin --port 25000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.status()'

//启动 APAC 分片,初始化,创建管理账户,添加备节点
$ for i in 0 1 2 ; do mongod --shardsvr --dbpath ~/tmp/cluster/APAC/m$i --logpath ~/tmp/cluster/APAC/m$i/mongo.log --port 2600$i --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/cluster/keyfile --replSet APAC ; done

$ mongo admin --port 26000 --eval "rs.initiate()"

$ mongo admin --port 26000 --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{ role:"root", db: "admin" }]})'

$ mongo admin --port 26000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:26001")'
$ mongo admin --port 26000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:26002")'

$ mongo admin --port 26000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.isMaster()'
$ mongo admin --port 26000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.status()'

//启动 ConfigServer,初始化,创建管理用户,并添加备节点
$ for i in 0 1 2 ; do mongod --configsvr --dbpath ~/tmp/cluster/config/c$i --logpath ~/tmp/cluster/config/c$i/mongo.log --port 2700$i --fork --auth --keyFile ~/tmp/cluster/keyfile --replSet configSvr ; done

$ mongo admin --port 27000 --eval "rs.initiate()"

$ mongo admin --port 27000 --eval 'db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "mongo", roles: [{ role:"root", db: "admin" }]})'

$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27001")'
$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.add("localhost:27002")'

$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.isMaster()'
$ mongo admin --port 27000 -u "root" -p "mongo" --eval 'rs.status()'

//启动 mongos,配置分片
$ mongos --configdb 'configSvr/localhost:27000,localhost:27001,localhost:27002' --logpath ~/tmp/cluster/s0/mongos.log --port 27017 --fork --keyFile ~/tmp/cluster/keyfile
$ mongos --configdb 'configSvr/localhost:27000,localhost:27001,localhost:27002' --logpath ~/tmp/cluster/s1/mongos.log --port 27018 --fork --keyFile ~/tmp/cluster/keyfile

$ mongo admin -u root -p mongo --eval 'sh.addShard("EU/localhost:24000,localhost:24001,localhost:24002")'
$ mongo admin -u root -p mongo --eval 'sh.addShard("US/localhost:25000,localhost:25001,localhost:25002")'
$ mongo admin -u root -p mongo --eval 'sh.addShard("APAC/localhost:26000,localhost:26001,localhost:26002")'

$ mongo admin --port 27017 -u root -p mongo --eval 'sh.status()'
$ mongo admin --port 27018 -u root -p mongo --eval 'sh.status()'
2. 初始化跨区分片
$ mongo admin --port 27017 -u root -p mongo --eval '
sh.addShardToZone("EU", "EU");
sh.addShardToZone("US", "US");
sh.addShardToZone("APAC", "APAC");
sh.enableSharding("customers");
sh.shardCollection("customers.users", { region_code: 1, _id: 1 });
sh.updateZoneKeyRange("customers.users", { region_code: "EU", _id: MinKey},{ region_code: "EU", _id: MaxKey }, "EU");
sh.updateZoneKeyRange("customers.users", { region_code: "US", _id: MinKey},{ region_code: "US", _id: MaxKey }, "US");
sh.updateZoneKeyRange("customers.users", { region_code: "APAC", _id: MinKey},{ region_code: "APAC", _id: MaxKey }, "APAC");
sh.status();
'
3. 插入数据
use customers
db.users.insert({firstName:"John", lastName:"Doe", region_code:"US"})
db.users.insert({firstName:"Julien", lastName:"Dupont", region_code:"EU"})
db.users.insert({firstName:"Kylin", lastName:"Soong", region_code:"APAC"})

Freedom to run anywhere(为随处部署而建)