标准库类型 - panic!

panic! 宏可用于产生一个 panic （恐慌），并开始展开它的栈。在展开栈的同时，运行时将会释放该线程所拥有的所有资源，是通过调用对象的析构函数完成。

因为我们正在处理的程序只有一个线程，panic! 将会引发程序上报 panic 消息并退出。

// 再次实现整型的除法（/）
fn division(dividend: i32, divisor: i32) -> i32 {
    if divisor == 0 {
        // 除以一个 0 时会引发一个 panic
        panic!("division by zero");
    } else {
        dividend / divisor
    }
}
// `main` 任务
fn main() {
    // 堆分配的整数
    let _x = Box::new(0i32);
    // 此操作将会引发一个任务失败
    division(3, 0);
    println!("This point won't be reached!");
    // `_x` 在此处将被销毁
}

由分析知道， panic!不会泄露内存

$ rustc panic.rs && valgrind ./panic
==4401== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==4401== Copyright (C) 2002-2013, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==4401== Using Valgrind-3.10.0.SVN and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==4401== Command: ./panic
==4401== 
thread '<main>' panicked at 'division by zero', panic.rs:5
==4401== 
==4401== HEAP SUMMARY:
==4401==     in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4401==   total heap usage: 18 allocs, 18 frees, 1,648 bytes allocated
==4401== 
==4401== All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==4401== 
==4401== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==4401== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)