安装
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2023-12-01
ubuntu 18.04 上在线安装
本部分在 ubuntu 18.04 上在线安装,每个节点均可联网,且可下载 Google 的容器镜像的 RPM 包。
环境准备
1. 所有节点静态域名配置// static ip addr
- machine01
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
ethernets:
ens33:
dhcp4: no
addresses: [192.168.100.101/24]
gateway4: 192.168.100.2
nameservers:
addresses: [192.168.100.2]
- machine02
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
ethernets:
ens33:
dhcp4: no
addresses: [192.168.100.102/24]
gateway4: 192.168.100.2
nameservers:
addresses: [192.168.100.2]
- machine03
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
ethernets:
ens33:
dhcp4: no
addresses: [192.168.100.103/24]
gateway4: 192.168.100.2
nameservers:
addresses: [192.168.100.2]
// config static ip
netplan apply
// set ip host mapping
sudo echo "192.168.1.128 machine01.example.com machine01" >> /etc/hosts
sudo echo "192.168.1.129 machine02.example.com machine02" >> /etc/hosts
sudo echo "192.168.1.130 machine03.example.com machine03" >> /etc/hosts
2. ping 测试for i in 1 2 3 ; do ping machine0$i.example.com -c3 ; done
3. ssh 免密登录// generate key
ssh-keygen
// sshd on all machines
apt-get install openssh-server -y
systemctl status ssh
// enable ssh root login
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
systemctl restart ssh
// copy to other machines
for i in 1 2 3 ; do ssh-copy-id machine0$i.example.com ; done
// check connectivity
for i in 1 2 3 ; do ssh machine0$i.example.com 'date' ; done
4. Software install & setup// install
for i in 1 2 3 ; do ssh machine0$i.example.com 'apt install vim tree -y' ; done
// disable swap
// docker
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-use-docker-on-ubuntu-18-04
apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic stable"
apt update
apt-cache policy docker-ce
apt install docker-ce
systemctl status docker
systemctl enable docker
kubeadm 准备
apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
安装
1. config.ymlapiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 1.2.3.4
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
name: machine01.example.com
taints:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: k8s.gcr.io
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.17.0
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}
2. init control panel# kubeadm init --control-plane-endpoint=control-plane.example.com --ignore-preflight-errors=NumCPU
...
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
kubeadm join control-plane.example.com:6443 --token 887x5p.6uyb4cembh7926ok \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:cb29759ded3490c7edc204ad8238cf973284e41d769e793ca49cebf14ee8996b \
--control-plane
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join control-plane.example.com:6443 --token 887x5p.6uyb4cembh7926ok \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:cb29759ded3490c7edc204ad8238cf973284e41d769e793ca49cebf14ee8996b
3. none root user run kubectlmkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
4. pod networkingkubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.11/manifests/calico.yaml
5. check kube-system pods# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-5b644bc49c-m6wdh 1/1 Running 0 46m
kube-system calico-node-5nqz7 1/1 Running 0 46m
kube-system coredns-6955765f44-f4wxq 1/1 Running 0 56m
kube-system coredns-6955765f44-rfdzc 1/1 Running 0 56m
kube-system etcd-machine01.example.com 1/1 Running 0 57m
kube-system kube-apiserver-machine01.example.com 1/1 Running 0 57m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-machine01.example.com 1/1 Running 0 57m
kube-system kube-proxy-ghm6k 1/1 Running 0 56m
kube-system kube-scheduler-machine01.example.com 1/1 Running 0 57m
6. join workerskubeadm join control-plane.example.com:6443 --token 887x5p.6uyb4cembh7926ok \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:cb29759ded3490c7edc204ad8238cf973284e41d769e793ca49cebf14ee8996b
7. check all nodes is ready# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
machine01.example.com Ready master 158m v1.17.3
machine02.example.com Ready worker 6m44s v1.17.3
machine03.example.com Ready worker 5m10s v1.17.3
RHEL 7 上离线安装
本部分说明如何在 RHEL 7 上离线安装,每个节点都没有连接互联网。
环境准备
1. 静态域名配置(所有节点)echo "192.168.122.11 machine01.example.com machine01" >> /etc/hosts
echo "192.168.122.12 machine02.example.com machine02" >> /etc/hosts
2. 节点互信免密登录ssh-keygen
for i in machine01 machine02; do ssh-copy-id $i.example.com; done;
3. 查看主机名和操作系统版本$ for i in 1 2 ; do ssh machine0$i.example.com 'hostname; cat /etc/redhat-release' ; done
machine01.example.com
CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)
machine02.example.com
CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)
4. 禁用 Swap(所有节点)# blkid | grep swap
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="c53e4112-342c-429a-bb05-77e2f7e0462f" TYPE="swap"
# swapoff /dev/mapper/centos-swap
// To permanently disable swap, comment out the swap line
# vim /etc/fstab
# mount -a
# reboot
5. 确保每个节点二层 MAC 地址和 product_uuid 唯一$ for i in 1 2 ; do ssh machine0$i.example.com 'ip link | grep link/ether' ; done
link/ether 52:54:00:93:61:a8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
link/ether 52:54:00:dc:6e:20 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
$ for i in 1 2 ; do ssh machine0$i.example.com 'sudo cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid' ; done
F6BC8F4B-EA5C-4CDD-8773-94F3600947A7
F1E65C6B-21B0-4FF5-9DBD-5199F24DFEAA
6. 关闭 SElinux// change from enforcing to disabled
vim /etc/selinux/config
// alternatives
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
7. 管理节点打开端口firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6443/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=2379-2380/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=10250-10252/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
8. 计算节点打开端口firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=10250/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=30000-32767/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
9. 创建 Snapshot(本部分只有在使用 KVM 虚拟化情况下在 KVM 宿主机执行)// create
qemu-img snapshot -c 20200505 /home/virt/machine01
qemu-img snapshot -c 20200505 /home/virt/machine02
// view exist snapshot
qemu-img snapshot -l /home/virt/machine01
qemu-img snapshot -l /home/virt/machine02
// rollback to snapshot(only in the time need to rollback)
qemu-img snapshot -a 20200505 /home/virt/machine01
qemu-img snapshot -a 20200505 /home/virt/machine02
安装 Docker
安装 Docker 18.06.2yum install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install docker-ce-18.06.2.ce -y
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"storage-opts": [
"overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
]
}
EOF
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker
安装 kubeadm, kubelet and kubectl
1. 解压 RPM 包tar -xvf kubernets.tar.gz
2. 安装cd kubernets
yum install `ls`
3. net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptablescat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
4. 确保 br_netfilter 加载到内核lsmod | grep br_netfilter
5. kubelet 开机器启动systemctl enable --now kubelet
6. kubelet 启动systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
管理节点安装
1. 导入镜像docker load -i k8s-v1.15.5.tar.gz
docker load -i calico-master.tar.gz
2. 安装kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
3. 拷贝配置文件到本地 HOME 目录mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
4. 安装网络插件kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.11/manifests/calico.yaml
5. 管理节点也可分配计算任务kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
6. 查看运行的容器$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-846568ccc-bm9xf 1/1 Running 0 2m42s
kube-system calico-node-2xf7s 1/1 Running 0 2m42s
kube-system coredns-5c98db65d4-5xgrf 1/1 Running 0 10m
kube-system coredns-5c98db65d4-md5hw 1/1 Running 0 10m
kube-system etcd-machine01.example.com 1/1 Running 0 9m11s
kube-system kube-apiserver-machine01.example.com 1/1 Running 0 9m8s
kube-system kube-controller-manager-machine01.example.com 1/1 Running 0 9m
kube-system kube-proxy-pkg8d 1/1 Running 0 10m
kube-system kube-scheduler-machine01.example.com 1/1 Running 0 9m
计算节点加入
1. 导入镜像docker load -i k8s-v1.15.5.tar.gz
docker load -i calico-worker.tar.gz
2. 计算节点加入kubeadm join 192.168.122.11:6443 --token q8fdva.fg35rk2ael190gv8 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:244e6bf4d6b9d5b7d1ee14a70f3ff05bf003917bcb3e053ff4995ee72c85e339
3. 返回管理节点查看所有节点kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
machine01.example.com Ready master 34m v1.15.5
machine02.example.com Ready <none> 15m v1.15.5
集群添加节点
添加节点方法一// 1. generate token
# kubeadm token generate
yfvb6j.0628gwwf3ec5bzu4
// 2. pring join commands
# kubeadm token create yfvb6j.0628gwwf3ec5bzu4 --ttl 2h --print-join-command
kubeadm join control-plane.example.com:6443 --token yfvb6j.0628gwwf3ec5bzu4 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:cb29759ded3490c7edc204ad8238cf973284e41d769e793ca49cebf14ee8996b
// 3. copy kubeadm join commands to worker node implement the node join
添加节点方法二// 1. generate token
$ kubeadm token create
n2kb3q.ctmc0wpfnt4cjtbl
// 2. generate join node commands
$ openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | \
openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
cb29759ded3490c7edc204ad8238cf973284e41d769e793ca49cebf14ee8996b
kubeadm join control-plane.example.com:6443 --token n2kb3q.ctmc0wpfnt4cjtbl \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:cb29759ded3490c7edc204ad8238cf973284e41d769e793ca49cebf14ee8996b
// 3. copy kubeadm join commands to worker node implement the node join
已存在集群重新设定 iptables 规则 & 端口打开
1. iptables 规则删除iptables-save | awk '/^[*]/ { print $1 }
/^:[A-Z]+ [^-]/ { print $1 " ACCEPT" ; }
/COMMIT/ { print $0; }' | iptables-restore
2. Master 节点端口打开firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6443/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=2379-2380/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=10250-10252/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload3. Node 节点端口打开
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=10250/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=30000-32767/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload**