递归 enum

• 递归枚举是拥有另一个枚举作为枚举成员关联值的枚举. 当编译器操作递归枚举时必须插入间接寻址层. 你可以在声明枚举成员之前使用indirect关键字来明确它是递归的.

e.g. 表达式(5+4)*2

indirect enum ArithmeticExpression {
    case number(Int)
    case addition(ArithmeticExpression, ArithmeticExpression)
    case multiplication(ArithmeticExpression, ArithmeticExpression)
}

let five = ArithmeticExpression.number(5)
let four = ArithmeticExpression.number(4)
let sum = ArithmeticExpression.addition(five, four)
let multiplyExpression = ArithmeticExpression.multiplication(sum, ArithmeticExpression.number(2))

func evaluate(_ expression: ArithmeticExpression) -> Int {
    switch expression {
    case .number(let value):
        return value
    case .addition(let left, let right):
        return evaluate(left) + evaluate(right)
    case .multiplication(let left, let right):
        return evaluate(left) * evaluate(right)
    }
}
print(evaluate(multiplyExpression))

输出结果:

18

Switch值绑定处的另一种写法

indirect enum ArithmeticExpression {
    case number(Int)
    case addition(ArithmeticExpression, ArithmeticExpression)
    case multiplication(ArithmeticExpression, ArithmeticExpression)
}

let five = ArithmeticExpression.number(5)
let four = ArithmeticExpression.number(4)
let sum = ArithmeticExpression.addition(five, four)
let multiplyExpression = ArithmeticExpression.multiplication(sum, ArithmeticExpression.number(2))

func evaluate(_ expression: ArithmeticExpression) -> Int {
    switch expression {
    case let .number(value):
        return value
    case let .addition(left, right):
        return evaluate(left) + evaluate(right)
    case let .multiplication(left, right):
        return evaluate(left) * evaluate(right)
    }
}
print(evaluate(multiplyExpression))