Pygame：屏幕上的游戏

Question

您好，我正在pygame中制作一个游戏，我想知道如何以及最好的方式是在屏幕上添加游戏。以下是玩家健康状况小于或等于0的代码：

import pygame
import random
import pygame.mixer
import Funk
from player import *
from zombie import *
from level import *
from bullet import *
from constants import *
from time import *
import menu as dm

class Game():

    def __init__(self):
        pygame.init()
        pygame.mixer.init()

        #pygame.mixer.music.load('sounds/menugame.ogg')
        #pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)

        # A few variables
        self.gravity = .50
        self.ground = pygame.Rect(0, 640, 1280, 80)
        self.red = (255, 0, 0)
        self.darkred = (200, 0, 0)
        self.darkblue = (0, 0, 200)
        self.darkgreen = (0, 200, 0)
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock() #to track FPS
        self.fps = 0

        # Bullets
        self.bullets = []

        # Screen
        size = (1280, 720)
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
        pygame.display.set_caption("Moon Survival")
        self.clock.tick(self.fps)

        # Moon / Background
        self.moon = Background()

        # Zombies
        self.zombies = []
        for i in range(10):
            self.zombies.append( Zombie(random.randint(0,1280), random.randint(0,720)) )

        # Player
        self.player = Player(25, 320, self.gravity)

        # Font for text
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 72)

        # Pause - center on screen
        self.pause_text = self.font.render("PAUSE", -1, (255,0,0))
        self.pause_rect = self.pause_text.get_rect(center = self.screen.get_rect().center)

    def run(self):

        clock = pygame.time.Clock()

        # "state machine" 
        RUNNING   = True
        PAUSED    = False 
        GAME_OVER = False

        # Game loop
        while RUNNING:

            # (all) Events

            for event in pygame.event.get():

                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    RUNNING = False

                elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

                    if event.key == pygame.K_s:
                        self.bullets.append(Bullet(self.player.rect.x + 30, self.player.rect.y + 30, self.player.direction))

                    if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                        RUNNING = False

                    elif event.key == pygame.K_p:
                        choose = dm.dumbmenu(self.screen, [
                        'Resume Game',

                        'Menu',

                        'Quit Game'], 200, 200,'orecrusherexpanded',100,0.75,self.darkred,self.red)

                        if choose == 0:
                            print "You choose 'Start Game'."
                            break
                        elif choose == 1:
                            execfile('run_game.py')
                            print "You choose 'Controls'."
                        if choose == 2:
                            print "You choose 'Quit Game'."
                            pygame.quit()
                            sys.exit()

                # Player/Zomies events  

                if not PAUSED and not GAME_OVER:
                    self.player.handle_events(event)

            # (all) Movements / Updates

            if not PAUSED and not GAME_OVER:
                self.player_move()
                self.player.update()

                for z in self.zombies:
                    self.zombie_move(z)
                    z.update(self.screen.get_rect())

                for b in self.bullets:
                    b.update()
                    for tile in self.moon.get_surrounding_blocks(b):
                        if tile is not None:
                            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(b, tile):
                                # Destroy block
                                x = tile.rect.x / tile.rect.width
                                y = tile.rect.y / tile.rect.height
                                self.moon.levelStructure[x][y] = None
                                try:
                                    self.bullets.remove(b)
                                except:
                                    continue

            # (all) Display updating

            self.moon.render(self.screen)

            for z in self.zombies:
                z.render(self.screen)

            for b in self.bullets:
                b.render(self.screen)

            self.player.render(self.screen)

            if PAUSED:
                self.screen.blit(self.pause_text, self.pause_rect)

            Funk.text_to_screen(self.screen, 'Level 1', 5, 675)
            Funk.text_to_screen(self.screen, 'Health: {0}'.format(self.player.health), 5, 0)
            Funk.text_to_screen(self.screen, 'Score: {0}'.format(self.player.score), 400, 0)
            Funk.text_to_screen(self.screen, 'Time: {0}'.format(self.player.alivetime), 750, 0)

            pygame.display.update()

            # FTP

            clock.tick(100)

        # --- the end ---
        pygame.quit()

    def player_move(self):
        # add gravity
        self.player.do_jump()

        # simulate gravity
        self.player.on_ground = False
        if not self.player.on_ground and not self.player.jumping:
            self.player.velY = 4

        # Health
        for zombie in self.zombies:
            if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self.player, zombie):
                self.player.health -= 5
                if self.player.health <= 0:


        # move player and check for collision at the same time
        self.player.rect.x += self.player.velX
        self.check_collision(self.player, self.player.velX, 0)
        self.player.rect.y += self.player.velY
        self.check_collision(self.player, 0, self.player.velY)

    def zombie_move(self, zombie_sprite):
        # add gravity
        zombie_sprite.do_jump()

        # simualte gravity
        zombie_sprite.on_ground = False
        if not zombie_sprite.on_ground and not zombie_sprite.jumping:
            zombie_sprite.velY = 4

        # Zombie damage
        for zombie in self.zombies:
            for b in self.bullets:
                if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(b, zombie):
                    #The same bullet cannot be used to kill
                    #multiple zombies and as the bullet was 
                    #no longer in Bullet.List error was raised
                    zombie.health -= 10                
                    self.bullets.remove(b)
                    if zombie.health <= 0:
                        self.player.score += random.randint(10, 20)
                        self.zombies.remove(zombie)
                    break

        # move zombie and check for collision
        zombie_sprite.rect.x += zombie_sprite.velX
        self.check_collision(zombie_sprite, zombie_sprite.velX, 0)
        zombie_sprite.rect.y += zombie_sprite.velY
        self.check_collision(zombie_sprite, 0, zombie_sprite.velY)

    def check_collision(self, sprite, x_vel, y_vel):
        # for every tile in Background.levelStructure, check for collision
        for block in self.moon.get_surrounding_blocks(sprite):
            if block is not None:
                if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(sprite, block):
                    # we've collided! now we must move the collided sprite a step back
                    if x_vel < 0:
                        sprite.rect.x = block.rect.x + block.rect.w

                        if sprite is Zombie:
                            print "wohoo"

                    if type(sprite) is Zombie:
                            # the sprite is a zombie, let's make it jump
                            if not sprite.jumping:
                                sprite.jumping = True
                                sprite.on_ground = False

                    if x_vel > 0:
                        sprite.rect.x = block.rect.x - sprite.rect.w

                    if y_vel < 0:
                        sprite.rect.y = block.rect.y + block.rect.h

                    if y_vel > 0 and not sprite.on_ground:
                        sprite.on_ground = True
                        sprite.rect.y = block.rect.y - sprite.rect.h

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

Game().run()

我不确定该怎么做，因为我试图使用另一个py呼叫游戏，但玩家死亡的时间被重置为0并返回，所以玩家死亡的地方可能发生任何事情吗？

Answer 1

提出一个异常，并在你不在游戏运行范围内但有了处理游戏所需的数据时抓住它。

try:
    stuff()
except GameOver:
    game_over_screen()

Answer 2

你应该像马库斯写的那样使用状态。我将对此稍作阐述。你应该有一个类，这将是你的游戏类。

这将包括所有的屏幕。草稿会是这样的：

class GameEngine:
    def __init__(self):
        #initialize pygame
        #load resources
        #etc...
        states = [PlayGameState(),OptionsState(),GameOverState()]
    def run(self):
        while(True):
            states[current_state].draw()
            states[current_state].update()
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                states[current_state].input(event)

然后，您可以将所有状态的逻辑分开，添加一个新屏幕只需添加到状态列表中即可。

在本例中暂停游戏非常简单，它只需查看event_键是否为ESC，state是否为PlayGame，就会将其更改为PauseState。

GameEngine还可以轮询状态，看看它是否结束，以便yu可以更改为GameOverState，然后返回Main State。

Answer 3

在引擎中使用状态。

一些伪代码：

while game_running:
    if STATE == STATE_MENU:
        Menu_ProcessInput()
        Menu_Update()
        Menu_Draw()
    elif STATE == STATE_INGAME:
        INGAME_ProcessInput()
        INGAME_Update()
        INGAME_Draw()
    elif STATE == STATE_GAMEOVER:
        GAMEOVER_ProcessInput()
        GAMEOVER_Update()
        GAMEOVER_Draw()

这是一个简单的解决方案，不需要为菜单等处理多个循环。