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OAuth2 with JWT

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小牛编辑
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2023-12-01

在本章中，您将详细了解Spring Boot Security机制和使用JWT的OAuth2。

授权服务器

Authorization Server是Web API安全性的最高架构组件。 Authorization Server充当集中授权点，允许您的应用程序和HTTP端点识别应用程序的功能。

资源服务器

资源服务器是一个应用程序，它为客户端提供访问令牌以访问资源服务器HTTP端点。 它是包含HTTP端点，静态资源和动态网页的库集合。

OAuth2

OAuth2是一个授权框架，使应用程序Web Security可以从客户端访问资源。 要构建OAuth2应用程序，我们需要关注授权类型（授权代码），客户端ID和客户端密钥。

JWT令牌

JWT Token是一个JSON Web令牌，用于表示双方之间保密的声明。 您可以在www.jwt.io/了解有关JWT令牌的更多信息。

现在，我们将构建一个OAuth2应用程序，该应用程序可以在JWT令牌的帮助下使用授权服务器，资源服务器。

您可以使用以下步骤通过访问数据库来实现带有JWT令牌的Spring Boot Security。

首先，我们需要在构建配置文件中添加以下依赖项。

Maven用户可以在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖项。

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
   <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
   <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
   <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Gradle用户可以在build.gradle文件中添加以下依赖项。

compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
testCompile('org.springframework.security:spring-security-test')
compile("org.springframework.security.oauth:spring-security-oauth2")
compile('org.springframework.security:spring-security-jwt')
compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc")
compile("com.h2database:h2:1.4.191")

Where,

  • Spring Boot Starter Security - 实现Spring Security

  • Spring Security OAuth2 - 实现OAUTH2结构以启用授权服务器和资源服务器。

  • Spring Security JWT - 为Web安全生成JWT令牌

  • Spring Boot Starter JDBC - 访问数据库以确保用户可用。

  • Spring Boot Starter Web - 写入HTTP端点。

  • H2 Database - 存储用于身份验证和授权的用户信息。

完整的构建配置文件如下所示。

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>cn.xnip</groupId>
   <artifactId>websecurityapp</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <name>websecurityapp</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>
   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
   </properties>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
         <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>
</project>

Gradle – build.gradle

buildscript {
   ext {
      springBootVersion = '1.5.9.RELEASE'
   }
   repositories {
      mavenCentral()
   }
   dependencies {
      classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
   }
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
group = 'cn.xnip'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
   mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security')
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
   testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
   testCompile('org.springframework.security:spring-security-test')
   compile("org.springframework.security.oauth:spring-security-oauth2")
   compile('org.springframework.security:spring-security-jwt')
   compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc")
   compile("com.h2database:h2:1.4.191")  
}

现在，在主Spring Boot应用程序中，添加@EnableAuthorizationServer和@EnableResourceServer注释，以在同一应用程序中充当Auth服务器和资源服务器。

此外，您可以使用以下代码编写一个简单的HTTP端点，以使用JWT Token通过Spring Security访问API。

package cn.xnip.websecurityapp;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableAuthorizationServer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableResourceServer;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAuthorizationServer
@EnableResourceServer
@RestController
public class WebsecurityappApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(WebsecurityappApplication.class, args);
   }
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products")
   public String getProductName() {
      return "Honey";   
   }
}

使用以下代码定义POJO类以存储用于身份验证的用户信息。

package cn.xnip.websecurityapp;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
public class UserEntity {
   private String username;
   private String password;
   private Collection<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthoritiesList = new ArrayList<>();
   public String getPassword() {
      return password;
   }
   public void setPassword(String password) {
      this.password = password;
   }
   public Collection<GrantedAuthority> getGrantedAuthoritiesList() {
      return grantedAuthoritiesList;
   }
   public void setGrantedAuthoritiesList(Collection<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthoritiesList) {
      this.grantedAuthoritiesList = grantedAuthoritiesList;
   }
   public String getUsername() {
      return username;
   }
   public void setUsername(String username) {
      this.username = username;
   }
}

现在，使用以下代码并定义CustomUser类，该类扩展用于Spring Boot身份验证的org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User类。

package cn.xnip.websecurityapp;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
public class CustomUser extends User {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
   public CustomUser(UserEntity user) {
      super(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getGrantedAuthoritiesList());
   }
}

您可以创建@Repository类以从数据库中读取用户信息并将其发送到自定义用户服务，并添加授予的权限“ROLE_SYSTEMADMIN”。

package cn.xnip.websecurityapp;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class OAuthDao {
   @Autowired
   private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
   public UserEntity getUserDetails(String username) {
      Collection<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthoritiesList = new ArrayList<>();
      String userSQLQuery = "SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE USERNAME=?";
      List<UserEntity> list = jdbcTemplate.query(userSQLQuery, new String[] { username },
         (ResultSet rs, int rowNum) -> {
         UserEntity user = new UserEntity();
         user.setUsername(username);
         user.setPassword(rs.getString("PASSWORD"));
         return user;
      });
      if (list.size() > 0) {
         GrantedAuthority grantedAuthority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_SYSTEMADMIN");
         grantedAuthoritiesList.add(grantedAuthority);
         list.get(0).setGrantedAuthoritiesList(grantedAuthoritiesList);
         return list.get(0);
      }
      return null;
   }
}

您可以创建一个自定义用户详细信息服务类，该类扩展org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsS​​ervice以调用DAO存储库类，如图所示。

package cn.xnip.websecurityapp;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class CustomDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
   @Autowired
   OAuthDao oauthDao;
   @Override
   public CustomUser loadUserByUsername(final String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
      UserEntity userEntity = null;
      try {
         userEntity = oauthDao.getUserDetails(username);
         CustomUser customUser = new CustomUser(userEntity);
         return customUser;
      } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
         throw new UsernameNotFoundException("User " + username + " was not found in the database");
      }
   }
}

接下来，创建一个@configuration类以启用Web Security，定义密码编码器（BCryptPasswordEncoder），并定义AuthenticationManager bean。 Security配置类应该扩展WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter类。

package cn.xnip.websecurityapp;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class SecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
   @Autowired
   private CustomDetailsService customDetailsService;
   @Bean
   public PasswordEncoder encoder() {
      return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
   }
   @Override
   @Autowired
   protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
      auth.userDetailsService(customDetailsService).passwordEncoder(encoder());
   }
   @Override
   protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
      http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and().sessionManagement()
         .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.NEVER);
   }
   @Override
   public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
      web.ignoring();
   }
   @Override
   @Bean
   public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
      return super.authenticationManagerBean();
   }
}

现在，定义OAuth2配置类以添加客户端ID，客户端密钥，为标记签名者密钥和验证者密钥定义JwtAccessTokenConverter，私钥和公钥，并使用范围配置ClientDetailsS​​erviceConfigurer以获取令牌有效性。

package cn.xnip.websecurityapp;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.configurers.ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.store.JwtAccessTokenConverter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.store.JwtTokenStore;
@Configuration
public class OAuth2Config extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {
   private String clientid = "xnip";
   private String clientSecret = "my-secret-key";
   private String privateKey = "private key";
   private String publicKey = "public key";
   @Autowired
   @Qualifier("authenticationManagerBean")
   private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
   @Bean
   public JwtAccessTokenConverter tokenEnhancer() {
      JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter();
      converter.setSigningKey(privateKey);
      converter.setVerifierKey(publicKey);
      return converter;
   }
   @Bean
   public JwtTokenStore tokenStore() {
      return new JwtTokenStore(tokenEnhancer());
   }
   @Override
   public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception {
      endpoints.authenticationManager(authenticationManager).tokenStore(tokenStore())
      .accessTokenConverter(tokenEnhancer());
   }
   @Override
   public void configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer security) throws Exception {
      security.tokenKeyAccess("permitAll()").checkTokenAccess("isAuthenticated()");
   }
   @Override
   public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception {
      clients.inMemory().withClient(clientid).secret(clientSecret).scopes("read", "write")
         .authorizedGrantTypes("password", "refresh_token").accessTokenValiditySeconds(20000)
         .refreshTokenValiditySeconds(20000);
   }
}

现在，使用openssl创建私钥和公钥。

您可以使用以下命令生成私钥。

openssl genrsa -out jwt.pem 2048
openssl rsa -in jwt.pem

您可以使用For公钥生成使用以下命令。

openssl rsa -in jwt.pem -pubout

对于1.5版之后的Spring Boot版本，在application.properties文件中添加以下属性以定义OAuth2资源过滤器顺序。

security.oauth2.resource.filter-order=3

YAML文件用户可以在YAML文件中添加以下属性。

security:
   oauth2:
      resource:
         filter-order: 3

现在，在classpath resources src/main/resources/directory下创建schema.sql和data.sql文件，将应用程序连接到H2数据库。

schema.sql文件如下所示 -

CREATE TABLE USERS (ID INT PRIMARY KEY, USERNAME VARCHAR(45), PASSWORD VARCHAR(60));

data.sql文件如下所示 -

INSERT INTO USERS (ID, USERNAME,PASSWORD) VALUES (
   1, 'xnip@gmail.com','$2a$08$fL7u5xcvsZl78su29x1ti.dxI.9rYO8t0q5wk2ROJ.1cdR53bmaVG');
INSERT INTO USERS (ID, USERNAME,PASSWORD) VALUES (
   2, 'myemail@gmail.com','$2a$08$fL7u5xcvsZl78su29x1ti.dxI.9rYO8t0q5wk2ROJ.1cdR53bmaVG');

Note - 密码应以数据库表中的Bcrypt Encoder格式存储。

您可以创建可执行的JAR文件，并使用以下Maven或Gradle命令运行Spring Boot应用程序。

对于Maven，您可以使用下面给出的命令 -

mvn clean install

在“BUILD SUCCESS”之后，您可以在目标目录下找到JAR文件。

对于Gradle，您可以使用如下所示的命令 -

gradle clean build

在“BUILD SUCCESSFUL”之后，您可以在build/libs目录下找到JAR文件。

现在，使用此处显示的命令运行JAR文件 -

java –jar <JARFILE>

应用程序在Tomcat端口8080上启动。

Tomcat端口8080应用程序输出

现在通过POSTMAN命中POST方法URL以获取OAUTH2令牌。

http://localhost:8080/oauth/token

现在，添加请求标头如下 -

  • Authorization - 使用您的客户端ID和客户端密钥进行基本身份验证。

  • Content Type - application/x-www-form-urlencoded

添加请求标头

现在，添加请求参数如下 -

  • grant_type =密码
  • username =您的用户名
  • password = your password
添加请求参数

现在，点击API并获取access_token，如图所示 -

获取Access-Token

现在，如图所示，在Request Header中使用Bearer访问令牌命中Resource Server API。

具有承载访问令牌的资源服务器API

然后你可以看到如下所示的输出 -

具有JWT输出的OAuth2
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