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3D Cube

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小牛编辑
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2023-12-01

在前面的章节中，我们已经看到了如何绘制三角形并旋转它。 现在，在本章中，您可以了解如何使用3D立方体，如何旋转它，如何在其上附加图像。 同样，本章提供了绘制3D立方体并为其应用颜色并将图像附加到其上的示例。

下面给出了绘制三维立方体并为其应用颜色的程序。

import java.awt.DisplayMode;
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable;
import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities;
import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener;
import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile;
import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas;
import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator;
public class Cube implements GLEventListener {
   public static DisplayMode dm, dm_old;
   private GLU glu = new GLU();
   private float rquad = 0.0f;
   @Override
   public void display( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
      final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
      gl.glClear(GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
      gl.glLoadIdentity();
      gl.glTranslatef( 0f, 0f, -5.0f ); 
      // Rotate The Cube On X, Y & Z
      gl.glRotatef(rquad, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); 
      //giving different colors to different sides
      gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS); // Start Drawing The Cube
      gl.glColor3f(1f,0f,0f); //red color
      gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Top)
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Top)
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Top)
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Top)
      gl.glColor3f( 0f,1f,0f ); //green color
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad 
      gl.glColor3f( 0f,0f,1f ); //blue color
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Front)
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad (Front)
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad 
      gl.glColor3f( 1f,1f,0f ); //yellow (red + green)
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Back)
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad (Back)
      gl.glColor3f( 1f,0f,1f ); //purple (red + green)
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Left)
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad (Left)
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
      gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad 
      gl.glColor3f( 0f,1f, 1f ); //sky blue (blue +green)
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Right)
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
      gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad
      gl.glEnd(); // Done Drawing The Quad
      gl.glFlush();
      rquad -= 0.15f;
   }
   @Override
   public void dispose( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
   }
   @Override
   public void init( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
      final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
      gl.glShadeModel( GL2.GL_SMOOTH );
      gl.glClearColor( 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f );
      gl.glClearDepth( 1.0f );
      gl.glEnable( GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST );
      gl.glDepthFunc( GL2.GL_LEQUAL );
      gl.glHint( GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST );
   }
   @Override
   public void reshape( GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height ) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
      if( height lt;= 0 )
         height = 1;
      final float h = ( float ) width/( float ) height;
      gl.glViewport( 0, 0, width, height );
      gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_PROJECTION );
      gl.glLoadIdentity();
      glu.gluPerspective( 45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0 );
      gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_MODELVIEW );
      gl.glLoadIdentity();
   }
   public static void main( String[] args ) {
      final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get( GLProfile.GL2 );
      GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities( profile );
      // The canvas
      final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas( capabilities );
      Cube cube = new Cube();
      glcanvas.addGLEventListener( cube );
      glcanvas.setSize( 400, 400 );
      final JFrame frame = new JFrame ( " Multicolored cube" );
      frame.getContentPane().add( glcanvas );
      frame.setSize( frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize() );
      frame.setVisible( true );
      final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator(glcanvas, 300,true);
      animator.start();
   }
}

编译并执行上述程序时，将生成以下输出。 它显示了一个彩色的3D立方体。

多彩多姿的立方体

将纹理应用于立方体

以下步骤将纹理应用于立方体 -

  • 您可以使用Drawable接口的gl.glBindTexture(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D.texture)方法将所需纹理绑定到多维数据集。

  • 此方法需要texture（int）参数以及GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D(int) 。

  • 在执行Display()之前，需要创建纹理变量

  • 在init()方法或glDisplay()方法的起始行中， using gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D)方法启用纹理。

  • 创建纹理对象，该对象需要文件对象作为参数，而该对象又需要用作对象纹理的图像的路径。

File file = new File(“c:\\pictures\\boy.jpg”);
Texture t = textureIO.newTexture(file, true);
texture = t.getTextureObject(gl);
  • 处理'找不到文件'例外

下面给出了在立方体上附加图像的程序。

import java.awt.DisplayMode;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable;
import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities;
import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener;
import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile;
import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas;
import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.texture.Texture;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.texture.TextureIO;
public class CubeTexture implements GLEventListener {
   public static DisplayMode dm, dm_old;
   private GLU glu = new GLU();
   private float xrot,yrot,zrot;
   private int texture;
   @Override
   public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
      gl.glClear(GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
      gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The View
      gl.glTranslatef(0f, 0f, -5.0f);
      gl.glRotatef(xrot, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
      gl.glRotatef(zrot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glBindTexture(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
      gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS);
      // Front Face
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
      // Back Face
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
      // Top Face
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
      // Bottom Face
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
      // Right face
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
      // Left Face
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
      gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
      gl.glEnd();
      gl.glFlush();
      //change the speeds here
      xrot += .1f;
      yrot += .1f;
      zrot += .1f;
   }
   @Override
   public void dispose(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
      // method body
   }
   @Override
   public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
      final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
      gl.glShadeModel(GL2.GL_SMOOTH);
      gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f);
      gl.glClearDepth(1.0f);
      gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
      gl.glDepthFunc(GL2.GL_LEQUAL);
      gl.glHint(GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST);
      //
      gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
      try{
         File im = new File("E:\\office\\boy.jpg ");
         Texture t = TextureIO.newTexture(im, true);
         texture= t.getTextureObject(gl);
      }catch(IOException e){
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
   @Override
   public void reshape(GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
      if(height lt;= 0)
         height = 1;
      final float h = (float) width/(float) height;
      gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
      gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_PROJECTION);
      gl.glLoadIdentity();
      glu.gluPerspective(45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0);
      gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_MODELVIEW);
      gl.glLoadIdentity();
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get(GLProfile.GL2);
      GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities(profile);
      // The canvas
      final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas(capabilities);
      CubeTexture r = new CubeTexture();
      glcanvas.addGLEventListener(r);
      glcanvas.setSize(400, 400);
      final JFrame frame = new JFrame (" Textured Cube");
      frame.getContentPane().add(glcanvas);
      frame.setSize(frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize());
      frame.setVisible(true);
      final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator(glcanvas, 300, true);
      animator.start();
   }
}

编译并执行上述程序时，将生成以下输出。 您可以看到应用了所需纹理的3D立方体。

纹理立方体
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