Appendix K. A Sample .bashrc File
优质
小牛编辑
134浏览
2023-12-01
The ~/.bashrcfile determines thebehavior of interactive shells. A good look at this file canlead to a better understanding of Bash.
EmmanuelRouatcontributed the following very elaborate.bashrcfile, written for a Linux system.He welcomes reader feedback on it.
Study the file carefully, and feel free to reuse codesnippets and functions from it in your own.bashrcfile or even in your scripts.
Example K-1. Sample .bashrcfile
1 #===============================================================
2 #
3 # PERSONAL $HOME/.bashrc FILE for bash-2.05a (or later)
4 #
5 # Last modified: Tue Apr 15 20:32:34 CEST 2003
6 #
7 # This file is read (normally) by interactive shells only.
8 # Here is the place to define your aliases, functions and
9 # other interactive features like your prompt.
10 #
11 # This file was designed (originally) for Solaris but based
12 # on Redhat's default .bashrc file
13 # --> Modified for Linux.
14 # The majority of the code you'll find here is based on code found
15 # on Usenet (or internet).
16 # This bashrc file is a bit overcrowded - remember it is just
17 # just an example. Tailor it to your needs
18 #
19 #
20 #===============================================================
21
22 # --> Comments added by HOWTO author.
23 # --> And then edited again by ER :-)
24
25 #-----------------------------------
26 # Source global definitions (if any)
27 #-----------------------------------
28
29 if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
30 . /etc/bashrc # --> Read /etc/bashrc, if present.
31 fi
32
33 #-------------------------------------------------------------
34 # Automatic setting of $DISPLAY (if not set already)
35 # This works for linux - your mileage may vary....
36 # The problem is that different types of terminals give
37 # different answers to 'who am i'......
38 # I have not found a 'universal' method yet
39 #-------------------------------------------------------------
40
41 function get_xserver ()
42 {
43 case $TERM in
44 xterm )
45 XSERVER=$(who am i | awk '{print $NF}' | tr -d ')''(' )
46 # Ane-Pieter Wieringa suggests the following alternative:
47 # I_AM=$(who am i)
48 # SERVER=${I_AM#*(}
49 # SERVER=${SERVER%*)}
50
51 XSERVER=${XSERVER%%:*}
52 ;;
53 aterm | rxvt)
54 # find some code that works here.....
55 ;;
56 esac
57 }
58
59 if [ -z ${DISPLAY:=""} ]; then
60 get_xserver
61 if [[ -z ${XSERVER} || ${XSERVER} == $(hostname) || ${XSERVER} == "unix" ]]; then
62 DISPLAY=":0.0" # Display on local host
63 else
64 DISPLAY=${XSERVER}:0.0 # Display on remote host
65 fi
66 fi
67
68 export DISPLAY
69
70 #---------------
71 # Some settings
72 #---------------
73
74 ulimit -S -c 0 # Don't want any coredumps
75 set -o notify
76 set -o noclobber
77 set -o ignoreeof
78 set -o nounset
79 #set -o xtrace # useful for debuging
80
81 # Enable options:
82 shopt -s cdspell
83 shopt -s cdable_vars
84 shopt -s checkhash
85 shopt -s checkwinsize
86 shopt -s mailwarn
87 shopt -s sourcepath
88 shopt -s no_empty_cmd_completion # bash>=2.04 only
89 shopt -s cmdhist
90 shopt -s histappend histreedit histverify
91 shopt -s extglob # necessary for programmable completion
92
93 # Disable options:
94 shopt -u mailwarn
95 unset MAILCHECK # I don't want my shell to warn me of incoming mail
96
97
98 export TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal %3R\tuser %3U\tsys %3S\tpcpu %P\n'
99 export HISTIGNORE="&:bg:fg:ll:h"
100 export HOSTFILE=$HOME/.hosts # Put a list of remote hosts in ~/.hosts
101
102
103
104 #-----------------------
105 # Greeting, motd etc...
106 #-----------------------
107
108 # Define some colors first:
109 red='\e[0;31m'
110 RED='\e[1;31m'
111 blue='\e[0;34m'
112 BLUE='\e[1;34m'
113 cyan='\e[0;36m'
114 CYAN='\e[1;36m'
115 NC='\e[0m' # No Color
116 # --> Nice. Has the same effect as using "ansi.sys" in DOS.
117
118 # Looks best on a black background.....
119 echo -e "${CYAN}This is BASH ${RED}${BASH_VERSION%.*}${CYAN} - DISPLAY on ${RED}$DISPLAY${NC}\n"
120 date
121 if [ -x /usr/games/fortune ]; then
122 /usr/games/fortune -s # makes our day a bit more fun.... :-)
123 fi
124
125 function _exit() # function to run upon exit of shell
126 {
127 echo -e "${RED}Hasta la vista, baby${NC}"
128 }
129 trap _exit EXIT
130
131 #---------------
132 # Shell Prompt
133 #---------------
134
135 if [[ "${DISPLAY#$HOST}" != ":0.0" && "${DISPLAY}" != ":0" ]]; then
136 HILIT=${red} # remote machine: prompt will be partly red
137 else
138 HILIT=${cyan} # local machine: prompt will be partly cyan
139 fi
140
141 # --> Replace instances of \W with \w in prompt functions below
142 #+ --> to get display of full path name.
143
144 function fastprompt()
145 {
146 unset PROMPT_COMMAND
147 case $TERM in
148 *term | rxvt )
149 PS1="${HILIT}[\h]$NC \W > \[\033]0;\${TERM} [\u@\h] \w\007\]" ;;
150 linux )
151 PS1="${HILIT}[\h]$NC \W > " ;;
152 *)
153 PS1="[\h] \W > " ;;
154 esac
155 }
156
157 function powerprompt()
158 {
159 _powerprompt()
160 {
161 LOAD=$(uptime|sed -e "s/.*: \([^,]*\).*/\1/" -e "s/ //g")
162 }
163
164 PROMPT_COMMAND=_powerprompt
165 case $TERM in
166 *term | rxvt )
167 PS1="${HILIT}[\A \$LOAD]$NC\n[\h \#] \W > \[\033]0;\${TERM} [\u@\h] \w\007\]" ;;
168 linux )
169 PS1="${HILIT}[\A - \$LOAD]$NC\n[\h \#] \w > " ;;
170 * )
171 PS1="[\A - \$LOAD]\n[\h \#] \w > " ;;
172 esac
173 }
174
175 powerprompt # this is the default prompt - might be slow
176 # If too slow, use fastprompt instead....
177
178 #===============================================================
179 #
180 # ALIASES AND FUNCTIONS
181 #
182 # Arguably, some functions defined here are quite big
183 # (ie 'lowercase') but my workstation has 512Meg of RAM, so .....
184 # If you want to make this file smaller, these functions can
185 # be converted into scripts.
186 #
187 # Many functions were taken (almost) straight from the bash-2.04
188 # examples.
189 #
190 #===============================================================
191
192 #-------------------
193 # Personnal Aliases
194 #-------------------
195
196 alias rm='rm -i'
197 alias cp='cp -i'
198 alias mv='mv -i'
199 # -> Prevents accidentally clobbering files.
200 alias mkdir='mkdir -p'
201
202 alias h='history'
203 alias j='jobs -l'
204 alias r='rlogin'
205 alias which='type -all'
206 alias ..='cd ..'
207 alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
208 alias print='/usr/bin/lp -o nobanner -d $LPDEST' # Assumes LPDEST is defined
209 alias pjet='enscript -h -G -fCourier9 -d $LPDEST' # Pretty-print using enscript
210 alias background='xv -root -quit -max -rmode 5' # Put a picture in the background
211 alias du='du -kh'
212 alias df='df -kTh'
213
214 # The 'ls' family (this assumes you use the GNU ls)
215 alias la='ls -Al' # show hidden files
216 alias ls='ls -hF --color' # add colors for filetype recognition
217 alias lx='ls -lXB' # sort by extension
218 alias lk='ls -lSr' # sort by size
219 alias lc='ls -lcr' # sort by change time
220 alias lu='ls -lur' # sort by access time
221 alias lr='ls -lR' # recursive ls
222 alias lt='ls -ltr' # sort by date
223 alias lm='ls -al |more' # pipe through 'more'
224 alias tree='tree -Csu' # nice alternative to 'ls'
225
226 # tailoring 'less'
227 alias more='less'
228 export PAGER=less
229 export LESSCHARSET='latin1'
230 export LESSOPEN='|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s 2>&-' # Use this if lesspipe.sh exists
231 export LESS='-i -N -w -z-4 -g -e -M -X -F -R -P%t?f%f \
232 :stdin .?pb%pb\%:?lbLine %lb:?bbByte %bb:-...'
233
234 # spelling typos - highly personnal :-)
235 alias xs='cd'
236 alias vf='cd'
237 alias moer='more'
238 alias moew='more'
239 alias kk='ll'
240
241 #----------------
242 # a few fun ones
243 #----------------
244
245 function xtitle ()
246 {
247 case "$TERM" in
248 *term | rxvt)
249 echo -n -e "\033]0;$*\007" ;;
250 *)
251 ;;
252 esac
253 }
254
255 # aliases...
256 alias top='xtitle Processes on $HOST && top'
257 alias make='xtitle Making $(basename $PWD) ; make'
258 alias ncftp="xtitle ncFTP ; ncftp"
259
260 # .. and functions
261 function man ()
262 {
263 for i ; do
264 xtitle The $(basename $1|tr -d .[:digit:]) manual
265 command man -F -a "$i"
266 done
267 }
268
269 function ll(){ ls -l "$@"| egrep "^d" ; ls -lXB "$@" 2>&-| egrep -v "^d|total "; }
270 function te() # wrapper around xemacs/gnuserv
271 {
272 if [ "$(gnuclient -batch -eval t 2>&-)" == "t" ]; then
273 gnuclient -q "$@";
274 else
275 ( xemacs "$@" &);
276 fi
277 }
278
279 #-----------------------------------
280 # File & strings related functions:
281 #-----------------------------------
282
283 # Find a file with a pattern in name:
284 function ff() { find . -type f -iname '*'$*'*' -ls ; }
285 # Find a file with pattern $1 in name and Execute $2 on it:
286 function fe() { find . -type f -iname '*'$1'*' -exec "${2:-file}" {} \; ; }
287 # find pattern in a set of filesand highlight them:
288 function fstr()
289 {
290 OPTIND=1
291 local case=""
292 local usage="fstr: find string in files.
293 Usage: fstr [-i] \"pattern\" [\"filename pattern\"] "
294 while getopts :it opt
295 do
296 case "$opt" in
297 i) case="-i " ;;
298 *) echo "$usage"; return;;
299 esac
300 done
301 shift $(( $OPTIND - 1 ))
302 if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
303 echo "$usage"
304 return;
305 fi
306 local SMSO=$(tput smso)
307 local RMSO=$(tput rmso)
308 find . -type f -name "${2:-*}" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -sn ${case} "$1" 2>&- | \
309 sed "s/$1/${SMSO}\0${RMSO}/gI" | more
310 }
311
312 function cuttail() # cut last n lines in file, 10 by default
313 {
314 nlines=${2:-10}
315 sed -n -e :a -e "1,${nlines}!{P;N;D;};N;ba" $1
316 }
317
318 function lowercase() # move filenames to lowercase
319 {
320 for file ; do
321 filename=${file##*/}
322 case "$filename" in
323 */*) dirname==${file%/*} ;;
324 *) dirname=.;;
325 esac
326 nf=$(echo $filename | tr A-Z a-z)
327 newname="${dirname}/${nf}"
328 if [ "$nf" != "$filename" ]; then
329 mv "$file" "$newname"
330 echo "lowercase: $file --> $newname"
331 else
332 echo "lowercase: $file not changed."
333 fi
334 done
335 }
336
337 function swap() # swap 2 filenames around
338 {
339 local TMPFILE=tmp.$$
340 mv "$1" $TMPFILE
341 mv "$2" "$1"
342 mv $TMPFILE "$2"
343 }
344
345
346 #-----------------------------------
347 # Process/system related functions:
348 #-----------------------------------
349
350 function my_ps() { ps $@ -u $USER -o pid,%cpu,%mem,bsdtime,command ; }
351 function pp() { my_ps f | awk '!/awk/ && $0~var' var=${1:-".*"} ; }
352
353 # This function is roughly the same as 'killall' on linux
354 # but has no equivalent (that I know of) on Solaris
355 function killps() # kill by process name
356 {
357 local pid pname sig="-TERM" # default signal
358 if [ "$#" -lt 1 ] || [ "$#" -gt 2 ]; then
359 echo "Usage: killps [-SIGNAL] pattern"
360 return;
361 fi
362 if [ $# = 2 ]; then sig=$1 ; fi
363 for pid in $(my_ps| awk '!/awk/ && $0~pat { print $1 }' pat=${!#} ) ; do
364 pname=$(my_ps | awk '$1~var { print $5 }' var=$pid )
365 if ask "Kill process $pid <$pname> with signal $sig?"
366 then kill $sig $pid
367 fi
368 done
369 }
370
371 function my_ip() # get IP adresses
372 {
373 MY_IP=$(/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | awk '/inet/ { print $2 } ' | sed -e s/addr://)
374 MY_ISP=$(/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | awk '/P-t-P/ { print $3 } ' | sed -e s/P-t-P://)
375 }
376
377 function ii() # get current host related info
378 {
379 echo -e "\nYou are logged on ${RED}$HOST"
380 echo -e "\nAdditionnal information:$NC " ; uname -a
381 echo -e "\n${RED}Users logged on:$NC " ; w -h
382 echo -e "\n${RED}Current date :$NC " ; date
383 echo -e "\n${RED}Machine stats :$NC " ; uptime
384 echo -e "\n${RED}Memory stats :$NC " ; free
385 my_ip 2>&- ;
386 echo -e "\n${RED}Local IP Address :$NC" ; echo ${MY_IP:-"Not connected"}
387 echo -e "\n${RED}ISP Address :$NC" ; echo ${MY_ISP:-"Not connected"}
388 echo
389 }
390
391 # Misc utilities:
392
393 function repeat() # repeat n times command
394 {
395 local i max
396 max=$1; shift;
397 for ((i=1; i <= max ; i++)); do # --> C-like syntax
398 eval "$@";
399 done
400 }
401
402 function ask()
403 {
404 echo -n "$@" '[y/n] ' ; read ans
405 case "$ans" in
406 y*|Y*) return 0 ;;
407 *) return 1 ;;
408 esac
409 }
410
411 #=========================================================================
412 #
413 # PROGRAMMABLE COMPLETION - ONLY SINCE BASH-2.04
414 # Most are taken from the bash 2.05 documentation and from Ian McDonalds
415 # 'Bash completion' package (http://www.caliban.org/bash/index.shtml#completion)
416 # You will in fact need bash-2.05a for some features
417 #
418 #=========================================================================
419
420 if [ "${BASH_VERSION%.*}" \< "2.05" ]; then
421 echo "You will need to upgrade to version 2.05 for programmable completion"
422 return
423 fi
424
425 shopt -s extglob # necessary
426 set +o nounset # otherwise some completions will fail
427
428 complete -A hostname rsh rcp telnet rlogin r ftp ping disk
429 complete -A export printenv
430 complete -A variable export local readonly unset
431 complete -A enabled builtin
432 complete -A alias alias unalias
433 complete -A function function
434 complete -A user su mail finger
435
436 complete -A helptopic help # currently same as builtins
437 complete -A shopt shopt
438 complete -A stopped -P '%' bg
439 complete -A job -P '%' fg jobs disown
440
441 complete -A directory mkdir rmdir
442 complete -A directory -o default cd
443
444 # Compression
445 complete -f -o default -X '*.+(zip|ZIP)' zip
446 complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(zip|ZIP)' unzip
447 complete -f -o default -X '*.+(z|Z)' compress
448 complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(z|Z)' uncompress
449 complete -f -o default -X '*.+(gz|GZ)' gzip
450 complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(gz|GZ)' gunzip
451 complete -f -o default -X '*.+(bz2|BZ2)' bzip2
452 complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(bz2|BZ2)' bunzip2
453 # Postscript,pdf,dvi.....
454 complete -f -o default -X '!*.ps' gs ghostview ps2pdf ps2ascii
455 complete -f -o default -X '!*.dvi' dvips dvipdf xdvi dviselect dvitype
456 complete -f -o default -X '!*.pdf' acroread pdf2ps
457 complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(pdf|ps)' gv
458 complete -f -o default -X '!*.texi*' makeinfo texi2dvi texi2html texi2pdf
459 complete -f -o default -X '!*.tex' tex latex slitex
460 complete -f -o default -X '!*.lyx' lyx
461 complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(htm*|HTM*)' lynx html2ps
462 # Multimedia
463 complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(jp*g|gif|xpm|png|bmp)' xv gimp
464 complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(mp3|MP3)' mpg123 mpg321
465 complete -f -o default -X '!*.+(ogg|OGG)' ogg123
466
467
468
469 complete -f -o default -X '!*.pl' perl perl5
470
471 # This is a 'universal' completion function - it works when commands have
472 # a so-called 'long options' mode , ie: 'ls --all' instead of 'ls -a'
473
474 _get_longopts ()
475 {
476 $1 --help | sed -e '/--/!d' -e 's/.*--\([^[:space:].,]*\).*/--\1/'| \
477 grep ^"$2" |sort -u ;
478 }
479
480 _longopts_func ()
481 {
482 case "${2:-*}" in
483 -*) ;;
484 *) return ;;
485 esac
486
487 case "$1" in
488 \~*) eval cmd="$1" ;;
489 *) cmd="$1" ;;
490 esac
491 COMPREPLY=( $(_get_longopts ${1} ${2} ) )
492 }
493 complete -o default -F _longopts_func configure bash
494 complete -o default -F _longopts_func wget id info a2ps ls recode
495
496
497 _make_targets ()
498 {
499 local mdef makef gcmd cur prev i
500
501 COMPREPLY=()
502 cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
503 prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
504
505 # if prev argument is -f, return possible filename completions.
506 # we could be a little smarter here and return matches against
507 # `makefile Makefile *.mk', whatever exists
508 case "$prev" in
509 -*f) COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -f $cur ) ); return 0;;
510 esac
511
512 # if we want an option, return the possible posix options
513 case "$cur" in
514 -) COMPREPLY=(-e -f -i -k -n -p -q -r -S -s -t); return 0;;
515 esac
516
517 # make reads `makefile' before `Makefile'
518 if [ -f makefile ]; then
519 mdef=makefile
520 elif [ -f Makefile ]; then
521 mdef=Makefile
522 else
523 mdef=*.mk # local convention
524 fi
525
526 # before we scan for targets, see if a makefile name was specified
527 # with -f
528 for (( i=0; i < ${#COMP_WORDS[@]}; i++ )); do
529 if [[ ${COMP_WORDS[i]} == -*f ]]; then
530 eval makef=${COMP_WORDS[i+1]} # eval for tilde expansion
531 break
532 fi
533 done
534
535 [ -z "$makef" ] && makef=$mdef
536
537 # if we have a partial word to complete, restrict completions to
538 # matches of that word
539 if [ -n "$2" ]; then gcmd='grep "^$2"' ; else gcmd=cat ; fi
540
541 # if we don't want to use *.mk, we can take out the cat and use
542 # test -f $makef and input redirection
543 COMPREPLY=( $(cat $makef 2>/dev/null | awk 'BEGIN {FS=":"} /^[^.# ][^=]*:/ {print $1}' | tr -s ' ' '\012' | sort -u | eval $gcmd ) )
544 }
545
546 complete -F _make_targets -X '+($*|*.[cho])' make gmake pmake
547
548
549 # cvs(1) completion
550 _cvs ()
551 {
552 local cur prev
553 COMPREPLY=()
554 cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
555 prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
556
557 if [ $COMP_CWORD -eq 1 ] || [ "${prev:0:1}" = "-" ]; then
558 COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W 'add admin checkout commit diff \
559 export history import log rdiff release remove rtag status \
560 tag update' $cur ))
561 else
562 COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ))
563 fi
564 return 0
565 }
566 complete -F _cvs cvs
567
568 _killall ()
569 {
570 local cur prev
571 COMPREPLY=()
572 cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
573
574 # get a list of processes (the first sed evaluation
575 # takes care of swapped out processes, the second
576 # takes care of getting the basename of the process)
577 COMPREPLY=( $( /usr/bin/ps -u $USER -o comm | \
578 sed -e '1,1d' -e 's#[]\[]##g' -e 's#^.*/##'| \
579 awk '{if ($0 ~ /^'$cur'/) print $0}' ))
580
581 return 0
582 }
583
584 complete -F _killall killall killps
585
586
587 # A meta-command completion function for commands like sudo(8), which need to
588 # first complete on a command, then complete according to that command's own
589 # completion definition - currently not quite foolproof (e.g. mount and umount
590 # don't work properly), but still quite useful - By Ian McDonald, modified by me.
591
592 _my_command()
593 {
594 local cur func cline cspec
595
596 COMPREPLY=()
597 cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
598
599 if [ $COMP_CWORD = 1 ]; then
600 COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -c $cur ) )
601 elif complete -p ${COMP_WORDS[1]} &>/dev/null; then
602 cspec=$( complete -p ${COMP_WORDS[1]} )
603 if [ "${cspec%%-F *}" != "${cspec}" ]; then
604 # complete -F <function>
605 #
606 # COMP_CWORD and COMP_WORDS() are not read-only,
607 # so we can set them before handing off to regular
608 # completion routine
609
610 # set current token number to 1 less than now
611 COMP_CWORD=$(( $COMP_CWORD - 1 ))
612 # get function name
613 func=${cspec#*-F }
614 func=${func%% *}
615 # get current command line minus initial command
616 cline="${COMP_LINE#$1 }"
617 # split current command line tokens into array
618 COMP_WORDS=( $cline )
619 $func $cline
620 elif [ "${cspec#*-[abcdefgjkvu]}" != "" ]; then
621 # complete -[abcdefgjkvu]
622 #func=$( echo $cspec | sed -e 's/^.*\(-[abcdefgjkvu]\).*$/\1/' )
623 func=$( echo $cspec | sed -e 's/^complete//' -e 's/[^ ]*$//' )
624 COMPREPLY=( $( eval compgen $func $cur ) )
625 elif [ "${cspec#*-A}" != "$cspec" ]; then
626 # complete -A <type>
627 func=${cspec#*-A }
628 func=${func%% *}
629 COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -A $func $cur ) )
630 fi
631 else
632 COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -f $cur ) )
633 fi
634 }
635
636
637 complete -o default -F _my_command nohup exec eval trace truss strace sotruss gdb
638 complete -o default -F _my_command command type which man nice
639
640 # Local Variables:
641 # mode:shell-script
642 # sh-shell:bash
643 # End: