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第二十一章 ELK

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2023-12-01

开源实时日志分析ELK平台(ElasticSearch, Logstash, Kibana组成)，能很方便的帮我们收集日志，进行集中化的管理，并且能很方便的进行日志的统计和检索，下面基于ELK的最新版本5.2.2进行一次整合测试。

ElasticSearch是一个高可扩展的开源的全文搜索分析引擎。它允许你快速的存储、搜索和分析大量数据。ElasticSearch通常作为后端程序，为需要复杂查询的应用提供服务。

Elasticsearch是一个基于Lucene的开源分布式搜索引擎，具有分布式多用户能力。Elasticsearch是用java开发，提供Restful接口，能够达到实时搜索、高性能计算；同时Elasticsearch的横向扩展能力非常强，不需要重启服务，基本上达到了零配置。

写到一半，发现一个非常好的Logstash的文章集合，大家直接参考吧。我之后会实验为主，至于理论详解，我感觉以下三篇文章，写的比我好多好多了。

Logstash 最佳实践

Elasticsearch 权威指南

ELKstack 中文指南

环境要求:

  • JDK1.8
  • ElasticSearch 5.2.2

下载地址

https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch

安装过程

  • 1.解压ElasticSearch并进入目录：
  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~$ tar xvfz elasticsearch-5.2.2.tar.gz
  • 2.启动ElasticSearch
  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~/elasticsearch-5.2.2$ cd bin
  2. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~/elasticsearch-5.2.2/bin$ ls
  3. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~/elasticsearch-5.2.2/bin$ ./elasticsearch

日志中启动了两个端口分别是：9300和9200,9300用于跟其他的节点的传输，9200用于接受HTTP请求，ctrl+c可以结束进程

如果想要后台运行，可以用以下方法

  1. ./bin/elasticsearch -d
    1. 测试ElasticSearch
  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~$ curl 127.0.0.1:9200
  2. {
  3.   "name" : "ivu1waD",
  4.   "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  5.   "cluster_uuid" : "J0GWcsnES6Grl2RJapiHyA",
  6.   "version" : {
  7.     "number" : "5.2.1",
  8.     "build_hash" : "db0d481",
  9.     "build_date" : "2017-02-09T22:05:32.386Z",
  10.     "build_snapshot" : false,
  11.     "lucene_version" : "6.4.1"
  12.   },
  13.   "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
  14. }
  15. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~$

也可以使用curl尝试远程关闭

  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~$ curl -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/_shutdown'
    1. Elasticsearch配置文件

ElasticSearch的配置文件一般放置在安装目录下的config目录中。config目录中有两个文件,分别是elasticsearch.yml 和logging.yml。前者用来配置ElasticSearch不同模块的属性，比如网络地址，路径等，后者则用来配置自身的日志记录选项。

配置文件是YAML格式的，下面简要地介绍一些配置参数。

网络地址，指定网络相关模块的绑定和发布地址

  1. network:
  2.     host:127.0.0.1

路径指定数据和日志文件的路径

  1. path:
  2.     logs:/var/log/elasticsearch
  3.     data:/var/data/elasticsearch

集群名，指定生产集群的名字，集群将根据这个名字来自动发现和加入节点

  1. cluster:
  2.     name:<NAME OF YOUR CLUSTER>

节点名，指定每个节点的默认名称

  1. node:
  2.     name:<NAME OF YOUR NODE>

因为elasticsearch安装在虚拟机里面，我希望我的主机也可以访问，需要config/elasticsearch.yml进行配置：

  1. network.host: 192.168.1.159

重新启动后会出现错误

  1. /bin$ ./elasticsearch

解决办法：
切换到root用户，修改配置limits.conf

  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:/etc/security$ sudo nano limits.conf
  3. * soft nofile 65536
  4. * hard nofile 131072
  5. * soft nproc 2048
  6. * hard nproc 4096

修改配置sysctl.conf

  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:/etc/security$ sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf 
  3. vm.max_map_count=655360

重新再启动后，成功

  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~/elasticsearch-5.2.2/bin$ ./elasticsearch
  2. [2017-03-13T15:19:11,746][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [] initializing ...
  3. [2017-03-13T15:19:11,819][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [Vz87mNE] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/ (/dev/mapper/hadoopmaster--vg-root)]], net usable_space [40.9gb], net total_space [50.8gb], spins? [possibly], types [ext4]
  4. [2017-03-13T15:19:11,819][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [Vz87mNE] heap size [1.9gb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true]
  5. [2017-03-13T15:19:11,837][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] node name [Vz87mNE] derived from node ID [Vz87mNE2QAmvwodx2uB94Q]; set [node.name] to override
  6. [2017-03-13T15:19:11,839][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] version[5.2.2], pid[5208], build[f9d9b74/2017-02-24T17:26:45.835Z], OS[Linux/4.2.0-27-generic/amd64], JVM[Oracle Corporation/Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM/1.8.0_121/25.121-b13]
  7. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,810][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [aggs-matrix-stats]
  8. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,811][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [ingest-common]
  9. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,811][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [lang-expression]
  10. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,811][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [lang-groovy]
  11. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,811][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [lang-mustache]
  12. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,812][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [lang-painless]
  13. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,812][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [percolator]
  14. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,812][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [reindex]
  15. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,812][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [transport-netty3]
  16. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,818][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded module [transport-netty4]
  17. [2017-03-13T15:19:12,819][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [Vz87mNE] loaded plugin [analysis-icu]
  18. [2017-03-13T15:19:15,112][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] initialized
  19. [2017-03-13T15:19:15,115][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [Vz87mNE] starting ...
  20. [2017-03-13T15:19:15,319][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService   ] [Vz87mNE] publish_address {192.168.1.159:9300}, bound_addresses {192.168.1.159:9300}
  21. [2017-03-13T15:19:15,322][INFO ][o.e.b.BootstrapChecks    ] [Vz87mNE] bound or publishing to a non-loopback or non-link-local address, enforcing bootstrap checks
  22. [2017-03-13T15:19:18,386][INFO ][o.e.c.s.ClusterService   ] [Vz87mNE] new_master {Vz87mNE}{Vz87mNE2QAmvwodx2uB94Q}{q1ibuBcJQDOjdyySwkrHOw}{192.168.1.159}{192.168.1.159:9300}, reason: zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined)
  23. [2017-03-13T15:19:18,424][INFO ][o.e.h.HttpServer         ] [Vz87mNE] publish_address {192.168.1.159:9200}, bound_addresses {192.168.1.159:9200}
  24. [2017-03-13T15:19:18,424][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [Vz87mNE] started
  25. [2017-03-13T15:19:18,995][INFO ][o.e.g.GatewayService     ] [Vz87mNE] recovered [2] indices into cluster_state
  26. [2017-03-13T15:19:19,255][INFO ][o.e.c.r.a.AllocationService] [Vz87mNE] Cluster health status changed from [RED] to [YELLOW] (reason: [shards started [[.kibana][0]] ...]).

第二十一章 ELK - 图1

ElasticSearch插件

ElasticSearch有各种插件，可以简化诸如管理索引、集群等任务。其中一些常用的插件有kopf Marvel Sense Shield等等。

ElasticSearch安装错误FAQ

Elasticsearch5.0 安装问题集锦

elasticsearch 5.0 安装过程中遇到了一些问题，通过查找资料几乎都解决掉了，这里简单记录一下 ，供以后查阅参考，也希望可以帮助遇到同样问题的你。

  • 1.问题一：警告提示
  1. [2016-11-06T16:27:21,712][WARN ][o.e.b.JNANatives ] unable to install syscall filter: 
  3. java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: seccomp unavailable: requires kernel 3.5+ with CONFIG_SECCOMP and CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER compiled in
  4. at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Seccomp.linuxImpl(Seccomp.java:349) ~[elasticsearch-5.0.0.jar:5.0.0]
  5. at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Seccomp.init(Seccomp.java:630) ~[elasticsearch-5.0.0.jar:5.0.0]
  7. 报了一大串错误，其实只是一个警告。
  9. 解决：使用比较新的linux版本，就不会出现此类问题了。
  • 2.问题二：ERROR: bootstrap checks failed
  2. max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process likely too low, increase to at least [65536]
  3. max number of threads [1024] for user [lishang] likely too low, increase to at least [2048]
  5. 解决：切换到root用户，编辑limits.conf 添加类似如下内容
  7. vi /etc/security/limits.conf 
  9. 添加如下内容:
  11. * soft nofile 65536
  13. * hard nofile 131072
  15. * soft nproc 2048
  17. * hard nproc 4096
  • 3.问题三：max number of threads [1024] for user [lish] likely too low, increase to at least [2048]
  2. 解决：切换到root用户，进入limits.d目录下修改配置文件。
  4. vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf 
  6. 修改如下内容：
  8. * soft nproc 2048
  • 4.问题四：max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] likely too low, increase to at least [262144]
  2. 解决：切换到root用户修改配置sysctl.conf
  4. vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
  6. 添加下面配置：
  8. vm.max_map_count=655360
  10. 并执行命令：
  12. sysctl -p
  14. 然后，重新启动elasticsearch，即可启动成功。

LogStash

Logstash是一个完全开源的工具，可以对你的日志进行收集、过滤，并将其存储供以后使用，参考官网的介绍图：

第二十一章 ELK - 图2

写到一半，发现一个非常好的Logstash的文章集合，大家直接参考吧。

Logstash 最佳实践

Elasticsearch 权威指南

ELKstack 中文指南

安装

  • 1.解压进入目录
  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~$ unzip logstash-5.2.2.zip
  • 2.添加配置文件
  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~/logstash-5.2.2/config$ nano logstash.conf
  • 3.添加如下内容

我们通过一个股票的例子（从yahoo下载下来的数据），来讲解通过logstash导入数据到elasticsearch中,http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=GOOG

这个数据集中最重要的字段包括 date(日期) open price(开盘价格) close price(收盘价格) high price(最高价) volume(成交量) adjusted price(调整价格)

  1. Date,Open,High,Low,Close,Volume,Adj Close
  2. 2017-03-10,843.280029,844.909973,839.50,843.25,1701100,843.25
  3. 2017-03-09,836.00,842.00,834.210022,838.679993,1259900,838.679993
  4. 2017-03-08,833.51001,838.150024,831.789978,835.369995,988700,835.369995
  5. 2017-03-07,827.400024,833.409973,826.52002,831.909973,1016600,831.909973
  6. 2017-03-06,826.950012,828.880005,822.400024,827.780029,1105800,827.780029
  7. 2017-03-03,830.559998,831.359985,825.750977,829.080017,888900,829.080017
  8. 2017-03-02,833.849976,834.51001,829.640015,830.630005,937700,830.630005
  9. 2017-03-01,828.849976,836.255005,827.26001,835.23999,1491400,835.23999
  10. 2017-02-28,825.609985,828.539978,820.200012,823.210022,2252300,823.210022
  11. 2017-02-27,824.549988,830.50,824.00,829.280029,1099500,829.280029
  12. 2017-02-24,827.72998,829.00,824.200012,828.640015,1386600,828.640015
  13. 2017-02-23,830.119995,832.460022,822.880005,831.330017,1470100,831.330017
  14. 2017-02-22,828.659973,833.25,828.640015,830.76001,982900,830.76001
  15. 2017-02-21,828.659973,833.450012,828.349976,831.659973,1247700,831.659973
  16. 2017-02-17,823.02002,828.070007,821.655029,828.070007,1597800,828.070007
  17. 2017-02-16,819.929993,824.400024,818.97998,824.159973,1281700,824.159973

每行代表了某一天的股票价格，字段之间以逗号分割.

  1. input
  2. {
  3.     file
  4.     {
  5.         path=>"/home/chu888chu888/table.csv"
  6.         start_position=>"beginning"
  7.     }
  8. }
  10. filter
  11. {
  12.     csv
  13.     {
  14.         columns=>["date_of_record","open","high","low","close","volume","adj_close"]
  15.         separator=>","
  16.     }
  17.     date
  18.     {
  19.         match=>["date_of_record","yyyy-MM-dd"]
  20.     }
  21.     mutate
  22.     {
  23.         convert=>["open","float"]
  24.         convert=>["high","float"]
  25.         convert=>["low","float"]
  26.         convert=>["close","float"]
  27.         convert=>["volume","integer"]
  28.         convert=>["adj_close","float"]
  29.     }
  30. }
  32. output
  33. {
  34.     elasticsearch
  35.     {
  36.          hosts => [ "192.168.1.159:9200" ]
  37.     }
  38. }
  • 4.启动服务
  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~/logstash-5.2.2/bin$ ./logstash -f /home/chu888chu888/logstash.conf
  • 5.启动成功后的日志
  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~/logstash-5.2.2/bin$ ./logstash -f /home/chu888chu888/logstash.conf
  2. Sending Logstash's logs to /home/chu888chu888/logstash-5.2.2/logs which is now configured via log4j2.properties
  3. [2017-03-13T15:25:37,977][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Elasticsearch pool URLs updated {:changes=>{:removed=>[], :added=>[http://192.168.1.159:9200/]}}
  4. [2017-03-13T15:25:37,979][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Running health check to see if an Elasticsearch connection is working {:healthcheck_url=>http://192.168.1.159:9200/, :path=>"/"}
  5. [2017-03-13T15:25:38,173][WARN ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Restored connection to ES instance {:url=>#<URI::HTTP:0x63e64c30 URL:http://192.168.1.159:9200/>}
  6. [2017-03-13T15:25:38,178][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Using mapping template from {:path=>nil}
  7. [2017-03-13T15:25:38,288][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] Attempting to install template {:manage_template=>{"template"=>"logstash-*", "version"=>50001, "settings"=>{"index.refresh_interval"=>"5s"}, "mappings"=>{"_default_"=>{"_all"=>{"enabled"=>true, "norms"=>false}, "dynamic_templates"=>[{"message_field"=>{"path_match"=>"message", "match_mapping_type"=>"string", "mapping"=>{"type"=>"text", "norms"=>false}}}, {"string_fields"=>{"match"=>"*", "match_mapping_type"=>"string", "mapping"=>{"type"=>"text", "norms"=>false, "fields"=>{"keyword"=>{"type"=>"keyword"}}}}}], "properties"=>{"@timestamp"=>{"type"=>"date", "include_in_all"=>false}, "@version"=>{"type"=>"keyword", "include_in_all"=>false}, "geoip"=>{"dynamic"=>true, "properties"=>{"ip"=>{"type"=>"ip"}, "location"=>{"type"=>"geo_point"}, "latitude"=>{"type"=>"half_float"}, "longitude"=>{"type"=>"half_float"}}}}}}}}
  8. [2017-03-13T15:25:38,315][INFO ][logstash.outputs.elasticsearch] New Elasticsearch output {:class=>"LogStash::Outputs::ElasticSearch", :hosts=>[#<URI::Generic:0x2fc46ddb URL://192.168.1.159:9200>]}
  9. [2017-03-13T15:25:38,316][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Starting pipeline {"id"=>"main", "pipeline.workers"=>1, "pipeline.batch.size"=>125, "pipeline.batch.delay"=>5, "pipeline.max_inflight"=>125}
  10. [2017-03-13T15:25:38,646][INFO ][logstash.pipeline        ] Pipeline main started
  11. [2017-03-13T15:25:38,742][INFO ][logstash.agent           ] Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9600}

Kibana

Kibana可以为Logstash和ElasticSearch提供的日志分析友好的Web界面，可以帮助您汇总、分析和搜索重要数据日志。

1.解压进入目录

  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~$ tar xvfz kibana-5.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

2.修改配置文件

  1. nano config/kibana.yml

3.添加如下配置项

  1. server.port: 5601
  2. server.host: "192.168.1.159"
  3. elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.1.159:9200"
  4. kibana.index: ".kibana"

4.启动服务

  1. ./bin/kibana

5.启动成功日志如下

  1. chu888chu888@hadoopmaster:~/kibana-5.2.2-linux-x86_64/bin$ ./kibana

6.浏览器访问

默认第一次需要Configure an index pattern，默认的Index name是logstash-*，直接create就行了。

  1. http://192.168.1.159:5601/app/kibana#/management/kibana/index/?_g=()

第二十一章 ELK - 图3

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