examples.asyncio.gather_orm_statements
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2023-12-01
""" Illustrates how to run many statements concurrently using ``asyncio.gather()`` along many asyncio database connections, merging ORM results into a single ``AsyncSession``. Note that this pattern loses all transactional safety and is also not necessarily any more performant than using a single Session, as it adds significant CPU-bound work both to maintain more database connections and sessions, as well as within the merging of results from external sessions into one. Python is a CPU-intensive language even in trivial cases, so it is strongly recommended that any workarounds for "speed" such as the one below are carefully vetted to show that they do in fact improve performance vs a traditional approach. """ import asyncio import random from sqlalchemy import Column from sqlalchemy import Integer from sqlalchemy import String from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy.future import select from sqlalchemy.orm import merge_frozen_result from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker Base = declarative_base() class A(Base): __tablename__ = "a" id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) data = Column(String) async def run_out_of_band( sessionmaker, session, statement, merge_results=True ): """run an ORM statement in a distinct session, merging the result back into the given session. """ async with sessionmaker() as oob_session: # use AUTOCOMMIT for each connection to reduce transaction # overhead / contention await oob_session.connection( execution_options={"isolation_level": "AUTOCOMMIT"} ) # pre 1.4.24 # await oob_session.run_sync( # lambda sync_session: sync_session.connection( # execution_options={"isolation_level": "AUTOCOMMIT"} # ) # ) result = await oob_session.execute(statement) if merge_results: # merge_results means the ORM objects from the result # will be merged back into the original session. # load=False means we can use the objects directly without # re-selecting them. however this merge operation is still # more expensive CPU-wise than a regular ORM load because the # objects are copied into new instances return ( await session.run_sync( merge_frozen_result, statement, result.freeze(), load=False, ) )() else: await result.close() async def async_main(): engine = create_async_engine( "postgresql+asyncpg://scott:tiger@localhost/test", echo=True, ) async with engine.begin() as conn: await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all) await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all) async_session = sessionmaker( engine, expire_on_commit=False, class_=AsyncSession ) async with async_session() as session, session.begin(): session.add_all([A(data="a_%d" % i) for i in range(100)]) statements = [ select(A).where(A.data == "a_%d" % random.choice(range(100))) for i in range(30) ] results = await asyncio.gather( *( run_out_of_band(async_session, session, statement) for statement in statements ) ) print(f"results: {[r.all() for r in results]}") asyncio.run(async_main())