Windows在尝试在directx11中渲染三角形后冻结

Question

我是directx编程新手，所以我开始学习dx11的在线教程。我可以很好地初始化win32 window和directx11，但当我尝试绘制三角形时，会出现窗口，然后它会冻结我的电脑，所以我必须重新启动它。我一直在寻找解决办法，但没有任何帮助。

这是我的WinMain代码：

#include "DXApp.h"
#include<DirectXMath.h>


class App : public DXApp {
public:
App(HINSTANCE hInstance);
~App();

bool Init() override;
void Update(float dt) override;
void Render(float dt) override;

};

int WINAPI WinMain(__in HINSTANCE hInstance, __in_opt HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, __in LPSTR lpCmdLine, __in int nShowCmd) {
App app(hInstance);

if (!app.Init()) return 1;

return app.Run();
}

App::App(HINSTANCE hInstance) : DXApp(hInstance)
{
}

App::~App()
{
}

bool App::Init()
{
return DXApp::Init();
}

void App::Update(float dt)
{
}

    void App::Render(float dt)
{
    immediateContext->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, DirectX::Colors::CornflowerBlue);
    immediateContext->Draw(3, 0);
    swapChain->Present(0, 0);
}

<代码>

还有我的应用头和cpp：

DXApp。h:

#pragma once
#include<Windows.h>
#include<string>
#include"DXUtil.h"
#include<d3dcompiler.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib")
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

class DXApp
{
public:
DXApp(HINSTANCE hInstance);
void cleanUp();
virtual ~DXApp(void);

//MAIN APPLICATION LOOP

int Run();

//FRAMEWORK METHODS

virtual bool Init();
virtual void Update(float dt) = 0;
virtual void Render(float dt) = 0;
virtual LRESULT MsgProc(HWND hwnd, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

protected:

HWND            hAppWnd;
HINSTANCE       hAppInstance;
unsigned int    ClientWidth;
unsigned int    ClientHeight;
std::string     AppTitle;
DWORD           WindStyle;

//DIRECTX ATTRIBUTES

ID3D11Device*               device;
ID3D11DeviceContext*        immediateContext;
IDXGISwapChain*             swapChain;
ID3D11RenderTargetView*     renderTargetView;
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE             driverType;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL           featureLevel;
D3D11_VIEWPORT              viewport;

ID3D11Buffer*               triangleVertBuffer;
ID3D11PixelShader*          pixelShader;
ID3D11VertexShader*         vertexShader;
ID3D10Blob*                 VSBuffer;
ID3D10Blob*                 PSBuffer;
ID3D11InputLayout*          vertLayout;

protected:

//INITIALZE WIN32 WINDOW

bool windowInit();

//INITIALIZE DIRECTX

bool direct3dInit();
};

DXApp。cpp：

#include "DXApp.h"

namespace {

DXApp * g_pApp = nullptr;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK MainWndProc(HWND hwnd, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {

if (g_pApp) return g_pApp->MsgProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
else return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}



//VERTEX

struct Vertex {
Vertex() {}
Vertex(float x, float y, float z) : pos(x, y, z) {}
DirectX::XMFLOAT3 pos;

};

D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = {
{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
};
unsigned int numLayoutElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout);



DXApp::DXApp(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
hAppInstance = hInstance;
hAppWnd = NULL;
ClientWidth = 1280;
ClientHeight = 720;
AppTitle = "DirectX11 Engine";
WindStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
g_pApp = this;

//DIRECTX

device = nullptr;
swapChain = nullptr;
immediateContext = nullptr;
renderTargetView = nullptr;

vertexShader = nullptr;
pixelShader = nullptr;
triangleVertBuffer = nullptr;
VSBuffer = nullptr;
PSBuffer = nullptr;
vertLayout = nullptr;
}

void DXApp::cleanUp()
{
if (immediateContext) immediateContext->ClearState();
Memory::SafeRelease(renderTargetView);
Memory::SafeRelease(immediateContext);
Memory::SafeRelease(swapChain);
Memory::SafeRelease(device);

Memory::SafeRelease(vertLayout);
Memory::SafeRelease(PSBuffer);
Memory::SafeRelease(VSBuffer);
Memory::SafeRelease(triangleVertBuffer);
Memory::SafeRelease(pixelShader);
Memory::SafeRelease(vertexShader);
}


DXApp::~DXApp()
{
//DIRECTX CLEANUP
if (immediateContext) immediateContext->ClearState();
Memory::SafeRelease(renderTargetView);
Memory::SafeRelease(immediateContext);
Memory::SafeRelease(swapChain);
Memory::SafeRelease(device);

Memory::SafeRelease(vertLayout);
Memory::SafeRelease(PSBuffer);
Memory::SafeRelease(VSBuffer);
Memory::SafeRelease(triangleVertBuffer);
Memory::SafeRelease(pixelShader);
Memory::SafeRelease(vertexShader);
}


int DXApp::Run() {

MSG msg = { 0 };
while (WM_QUIT != msg.message) {
    if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL, PM_REMOVE)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }
    else {
        Update(0.0f);

        Render(0.0f);
    }
}
return static_cast<int>(msg.wParam);
}

bool DXApp::Init()
{
if (!windowInit()) {
    return false;
}

if (!direct3dInit()) {
    return false;
}

return true;
}

bool DXApp::windowInit()
{
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
ZeroMemory(&wcex, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));

wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.hInstance = hAppInstance;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = MainWndProc;
wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(NULL_BRUSH);
wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wcex.lpszClassName = "DXAPPWNDCLASS";
wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex)) {
    OutputDebugString("\nFAILED TO CREATE WINDOW CLASS!!\n");
    return false;
}

RECT r = { 0, 0, ClientWidth, ClientHeight };
AdjustWindowRect(&r, WindStyle, false);

unsigned int width = r.right - r.left;
unsigned int height = r.bottom - r.top;

unsigned int x = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) / 2 - width / 2;
unsigned int y = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) / 2 - height / 2;

hAppWnd = CreateWindow("DXAPPWNDCLASS", AppTitle.c_str(), WindStyle, x, y, width, height, NULL, NULL, hAppInstance, NULL);
if (!hAppWnd) {
    OutputDebugString("\nFAILED TO CREATE WINDOW!!\n");
    return false;
}

ShowWindow(hAppWnd, SW_SHOW);
return true;
}

//DIRECTX INITIALIZATION

bool DXApp::direct3dInit()
{
unsigned int createDeviceFlags = 0;

#ifdef DEBUG
createDeviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#endif // DEBUG

D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverTypes[] = {

    D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
    D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP,
    D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE
};

unsigned int numDriverTypes = ARRAYSIZE(driverTypes);

D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] = {

    D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
    D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,
    D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,
    D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3
};

unsigned int numFeatureLevels = ARRAYSIZE(featureLevels);

DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapDesc;
ZeroMemory(&swapDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));

swapDesc.BufferCount = 1;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Width = ClientWidth;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Height = ClientHeight;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
swapDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapDesc.OutputWindow = hAppWnd;
swapDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
swapDesc.Windowed = true;
swapDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
swapDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
swapDesc.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;

HRESULT result;
for (int i = 0; i < numDriverTypes; ++i) {
    result = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, driverTypes[i], NULL, createDeviceFlags, featureLevels, numFeatureLevels, 
        D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapDesc, &swapChain, &device, &featureLevel, &immediateContext);

    if (SUCCEEDED(result)) {
        driverType = driverTypes[i];
        break;
    }

    if (FAILED(result)) {
        OutputDebugString("FAILED TO CREATE DX11 DEVICE!!");
        return false;
    }
}

//RENDER TARGET VIEW
ID3D11Texture2D* backBufferTex = 0;
swapChain->GetBuffer(NULL, __uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&backBufferTex));
device->CreateRenderTargetView(backBufferTex, nullptr, &renderTargetView);

//BIND RENDER TARGET VIEW
immediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &renderTargetView, nullptr);

//COMPILE SHADERS FROM FILE
result = D3DCompileFromFile(L"VertexShader.hlsl", 0, 0, "vertexShader", "vs_4_0", 0, 0, &VSBuffer, &VSBuffer);
result = D3DCompileFromFile(L"PixelShader.hlsl", 0, 0, "pixelShader", "ps_4_0", 0, 0, &PSBuffer, &PSBuffer);

//CREATE SHADER OBJECTS
result = device->CreateVertexShader(VSBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), VSBuffer->GetBufferSize(), 0, &vertexShader);
result = device->CreatePixelShader(PSBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), PSBuffer->GetBufferSize(), 0, &pixelShader);

//SET SHADERS
immediateContext->VSSetShader(vertexShader, 0, 0);
immediateContext->PSSetShader(pixelShader, 0, 0);

//CREATE VERTEX BUFFER
Vertex v[] = {
    Vertex(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f),
    Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f),
    Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f),
};

D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC));

vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(Vertex) * 3;
vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;

D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData;
ZeroMemory(&vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData));
vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v;

result = device->CreateBuffer(&vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &triangleVertBuffer);

//SET VERTEX BUFFER
unsigned int stride = sizeof(Vertex);
unsigned int offset = 0;
immediateContext->IAGetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &triangleVertBuffer, &stride, &offset);

//CREATE INPUT LAYOUT
device->CreateInputLayout(layout, numLayoutElements, VSBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), VSBuffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout);

//SET INPUT LAYOUT
immediateContext->IASetInputLayout(vertLayout);

//SET PRIMITIVE TOPOLOGY
immediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);

//VIEWPORT CREATION
ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT));

viewport.Width = static_cast<float>(ClientWidth);
viewport.Height = static_cast<float>(ClientHeight);
viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f;

//SET VIEWPORT
immediateContext->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);


return true;

}




//MESSAGES

LRESULT DXApp::MsgProc(HWND hwnd, unsigned int msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (msg) {
case WM_DESTROY:
    PostQuitMessage(0);
    return 0;
default:
    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);

}
}

谢谢你的帮助。

Answer 1

调试Direct3D程序的第一步是：

（1） 确保正确检查了所有HRESULT值。代码中有许多地方无法检查结果。如果Direct3D函数返回void，则可以忽略错误检查。否则，您需要使用“成功”、“失败”或类似ThrowIfFailed的命令。这基本上是因为在故障之后继续操作将使调试问题的真正原因变得非常困难。

（2）启用Direct3D调试设备并查找输出。您的调试版本中似乎有它。您在调试窗口中看到任何输出吗？

让一个程序“挂起”你的系统是非常不寻常的，但是如果你有一个糟糕的驱动程序或有故障的硬件，这是可能的。然而，如果没有更多的细节，很难诊断，因为你的程序一开始就有故障。