Cleos 命令使用指南

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2023-12-01

命令参考

操作	语法	例子
获取所有命令	$ cleos	例子
获取所有子命令	$ cleos ${command}	例子
链接节点	$ cleos --url ${node}:${port}	例子
查询区块链状态	$ cleos get info	例子
通过 transaction_id 获取交易	$ cleos get transaction ${transaction_id}	例子
通过帐户获取交易	$ cleos get transaction ${account}	例子
转账 EOS	$ cleos transfer ${from_account} ${to_account} ${quantity}	例子
钱包 - 创建钱包	$ cleos wallet create {-n} ${wallet_name}	例子
钱包 - 钱包列表	$ cleos wallet list	例子
钱包 - 导入密钥	$ cleos wallet import ${key}	例子
钱包 - key 列表	$ cleos wallet keys	例子
钱包 - 锁	$ cleos wallet lock -n ${wallet_name}	例子
钱包 - 解锁钱包	$ cleos wallet unlock -n ${wallet_name} --password ${password}	例子
钱包 - 打开钱包	$ cleos wallet open	例子
帐户 - 创建密钥	$ cleos create key	例子
帐户 - 创建帐户	$ cleos create account ${control_account} ${account_name} ${owner_public_key} ${active_public_key}	例子
帐户 - 查看子账户	$ cleos get servants ${account_name}	例子
帐户 - 检查帐户余额	$ cleos get account ${account_name}	例子
权限 - 创建或修改权限	$ cleos set account permission ${permission} ${account} ${permission_json} ${account_authority}	例子
合约 - 部署	$cleos set contract ../${contract}.wast ../${contract}.abi　or $cleos set contract ../${contract}	例子
合约 - 查询 ABI	$ cleos get code -a ${contract}.abi ${contract}	例子
合约 - 推送操作	$ cleos push action ${contract} ${action} ${param} -S ${scope_1} -S ${scope_2} -p ${account}`@active`	例子
合约 - 查询表	$ cleos get table ${field} ${contract} ${table}	例子

nodeos 命令

操作	语法	例子
跳过签名	$ nodeos --skip-transaction-signatures	例子

keosd 命令

操作	语法	例子
使用独立的钱包应用	$ keosd --http-server-endpoint ${node}:{port}	例子

例子

全部命令

cleos 包含所有命令的文档。有关 cleos 已知的所有命令的列表，只需简单地运行它，不带任何参数：

$ cleos
ERROR: RequiredError: Subcommand required
Command Line Interface to EOSIO Client
Usage: cleos [OPTIONS] SUBCOMMAND

Options:
  -h,--help                   打印帮助信息并且退出
  -u,--url TEXT=http://localhost:8888/
                              nodeos 运行的http/https URL
  --wallet-url TEXT=http://localhost:8888/
                              keosd运行的 http/https URL
  -v,--verbose                输出对错误的详细操作

子命令:
  version                     返回版本信息
  create                      在区块链上和区域外创建数据
  get                         从区块链中检索各种数据和信息
  set                         设置或更新区块链状态
  transfer                    从账户到账户转移EOS
  net                         与本地p2p网络连接进行交互
  wallet                      与本地钱包互动
  sign                        签署交易
  push                        将任意事务推送到区块链
  multisig                    Multisig合同命令
  system                      将eosio.system合约行为发送到区块链。

所有子命令

要获得有关任何特定子命令的帮助，请使用无参数运行它：

$ cleos create
ERROR: RequiredError: Subcommand required
Create various items, on and off the blockchain
Usage: ./cleos create SUBCOMMAND
Subcommands:
  key                         Create a new keypair and print the public and private keys
  account                     Create a new account on the blockchain
  producer                    Create a new producer on the blockchain

$ cleos create account
ERROR: RequiredError: creator
Create a new account on the blockchain
Usage: ./cleos create account creator name OwnerKey ActiveKey
Positionals:
  creator TEXT                The name of the account creating the new account
  name TEXT                   The name of the new account
  OwnerKey TEXT               The owner public key for the account
  ActiveKey TEXT              The active public key for the account

链接节点

这会将您连接到本地节点

$ cleos -u localhost:8889 <subcommand>
$ cleos --url localhost:8889 <subcommand>

您还可以调整节点参数以连接到其他节点，例如公共测试网

$ cleos -H test1.eos.io -p 80 <subcommand>

注意 `你需要在每个请求中包含-H和-p参数来解决问题`

查询区块链状态

$ cleos get info
{
  "server_version": "7451e092",
  "head_block_num": 6980,
  "last_irreversible_block_num": 6963,
  "head_block_id": "00001b4490e32b84861230871bb1c25fb8ee777153f4f82c5f3e4ca2b9877712",
  "head_block_time": "2017-12-07T09:18:48",
  "head_block_producer": "initp",
  "recent_slots": "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111",
  "participation_rate": "1.00000000000000000"
}

通过 transaction_id 获取交易

通过在 nodeos 中加载 account_history_api_plugin，我们可以使用 transaciton_id 查询特定事务

$ cleos get transaction eb4b94b72718a369af09eb2e7885b3f494dd1d8a20278a6634611d5edd76b703
{
  "transaction_id": "eb4b94b72718a369af09eb2e7885b3f494dd1d8a20278a6634611d5edd76b703",
  "processed": {
    "refBlockNum": 2206,
    "refBlockPrefix": 221394282,
    "expiration": "2017-09-05T08:03:58",
    "scope": [
      "inita",
      "tester"
    ],
    "signatures": [
      "1f22e64240e1e479eee6ccbbd79a29f1a6eb6020384b4cca1a958e7c708d3e562009ae6e60afac96f9a3b89d729a50cd5a7b5a7a647540ba1678831bf970e83312"
    ],
    "messages": [{
        "code": "eos",
        "type": "transfer",
        "authorization": [{
            "account": "inita",
            "permission": "active"
          }
        ],
        "data": {
          "from": "inita",
          "to": "tester",
          "amount": 1000,
          "memo": ""
        },
        "hex_data": "000000008040934b00000000c84267a1e80300000000000000"
      }
    ],
    "output": [{
        "notify": [{
            "name": "tester",
            "output": {
              "notify": [],
              "sync_transactions": [],
              "async_transactions": []
            }
          },{
            "name": "inita",
            "output": {
              "notify": [],
              "sync_transactions": [],
              "async_transactions": []
            }
          }
        ],
        "sync_transactions": [],
        "async_transactions": []
      }
    ]
  }
}

通过帐户获取交易

我们也可以查询某个账户从最近一个账户开始执行的交易清单

$ cleos get transactions inita
[
  {
    "transaction_id": "eb4b94b72718a369af09eb2e7885b3f494dd1d8a20278a6634611d5edd76b703",
    ...
  },
  {
    "transaction_id": "6acd2ece68c4b86c1fa209c3989235063384020781f2c67bbb80bc8d540ca120",
    ...
  },
  ...
]

转账 EOS

$ cleos transfer inita tester 1000
{
  "transaction_id": "eb4b94b72718a369af09eb2e7885b3f494dd1d8a20278a6634611d5edd76b703",
  "processed": {
    "refBlockNum": 2206,
    "refBlockPrefix": 221394282,
    "expiration": "2017-09-05T08:03:58",
    "scope": [
      "inita",
      "tester"
    ],
    "signatures": [
      "1f22e64240e1e479eee6ccbbd79a29f1a6eb6020384b4cca1a958e7c708d3e562009ae6e60afac96f9a3b89d729a50cd5a7b5a7a647540ba1678831bf970e83312"
    ],
    "messages": [{
        "code": "eos",
        "type": "transfer",
        "authorization": [{
            "account": "inita",
            "permission": "active"
          }
        ],
        "data": {
          "from": "inita",
          "to": "tester",
          "amount": 1000,
          "memo": ""
        },
        "hex_data": "000000008040934b00000000c84267a1e80300000000000000"
      }
    ],
    "output": [{
        "notify": [{
            "name": "tester",
            "output": { ... }
          },{
            "name": "inita",
            "output": { ... }
          }
        ],
        "sync_transactions": [],
        "async_transactions": []
      }
    ]
  }
}

创建钱包

创建钱包时不指定名称，钱包将使用名称'default'

$ cleos wallet create
Creating wallet: default
Save password to use in the future to unlock this wallet.
Without password imported keys will not be retrievable.
"PW5JD9cw9YY288AXPvnbwUk5JK4Cy6YyZ83wzHcshu8F2akU9rRWE"

您可以在命令中添加-n ${wallet_name}命名钱包

$ cleos wallet create -n second-wallet
Creating wallet: second-wallet
Save password to use in the future to unlock this wallet.
Without password imported keys will not be retrievable.
"PW5Ji6JUrLjhKAVn68nmacLxwhvtqUAV18J7iycZppsPKeoGGgBEw"

钱包列表

列表钱包命令将列出每个钱包状态的所有钱包，* 符号表示钱包当前已解锁。

$ cleos wallet list
Wallets:
[
  "default *",
  "second-wallet *"
]

导入密钥

注意: 如果您没有持有账户密钥，则需要使用 create account 命令先创建账户密钥。

$ cleos wallet import 5KQwrPbwdL6PhXujxW37FSSQZ1JiwsST4cqQzDeyXtP79zkvFD3
imported private key for: EOS6MRyAjQq8ud7hVNYcfnVPJqcVpscN5So8BhtHuGYqET5GDW5CV

列出钱包密钥

这将列出公钥中存储在钱包中的所有密钥。

$ cleos wallet keys
[[
    "EOS6MRyAjQq8ud7hVNYcfnVPJqcVpscN5So8BhtHuGYqET5GDW5CV",
    "5KQwrPbwdL6PhXujxW37FSSQZ1JiwsST4cqQzDeyXtP79zkvFD3"
  ]
]

锁钱包

$ cleos wallet lock -n second-wallet
Locked: 'second-wallet'

注意锁定的钱包在列表中没有 * 符号

$ cleos wallet list
Wallets:
[
  "default *",
  "second-wallet"
]

解锁钱包

要解锁它，请指定创建钱包时获得的密码

$ cleos wallet unlock -n second-wallet --password PW5Ji6JUrLjhKAVn68nmacLxwhvtqUAV18J7iycZppsPKeoGGgBEw
Unlocked: 'second-wallet'

打开钱包

$ cleos wallet open
Wallets: [
  "default"
]
$ cleos wallet open -n second-wallet
Wallets: [
  "default",
  "second-wallet"
]

创建密钥

为了创建一个帐户，你需要两个新的密钥：所有者和主动。您可以要求 cleos 为您创建一些钥匙：

这将是你的Owner Key，

$ cleos create key
public: EOS4toFS3YXEQCkuuw1aqDLrtHim86Gz9u3hBdcBw5KNPZcursVHq
private: 5JKbLfCXgcafDQVwHMm3shHt6iRWgrr9adcmt6vX3FNjAEtJGaT

这将是你的主动键，

$ cleos create key
public: EOS7d9A3uLe6As66jzN8j44TXJUqJSK3bFjjEEqR4oTvNAB3iM9SA
private: 5Hv22aPcjnENBv6X9o9nKGdkfrW44En6z4zJUt2PobAvbQXrT9z

注意：cleos 不保存生成的私钥。

创建帐号

您将需要您的 EOS 密钥才能创建帐户，您必须在 Ethereum 网络上注册您的 EOS 密钥，或者您可以使用创建密钥功能创建一组新密钥

$ cleos create account inita tester EOS4toFS3YXEQCkuuw1aqDLrtHim86Gz9u3hBdcBw5KNPZcursVHq EOS7d9A3uLe6As66jzN8j44TXJUqJSK3bFjjEEqR4oTvNAB3iM9SA
{
  "transaction_id": "6acd2ece68c4b86c1fa209c3989235063384020781f2c67bbb80bc8d540ca120",
  "processed": {
    "refBlockNum": "25217",
    "refBlockPrefix": "2095475630",
    "expiration": "2017-07-25T17:54:55",
    "scope": [
      "eos",
      "inita"
    ],
    "signatures": [],
    "messages": [{
        "code": "eos",
        "type": "newaccount",
        "authorization": [{
            "account": "inita",
            "permission": "active"
          }
        ],
        "data": "c9251a0000000000b44c5a2400000000010000000102bcca6347d828d4e1868b7dfa91692a16d5b20d0ee3d16a7ca2ddcc7f6dd03344010000010000000102bcca6347d828d4e1868b7dfa91692a16d5b20d0ee3d16a7ca2ddcc7f6dd03344010000010000000001c9251a000000000061d0640b000000000100010000000000000008454f5300000000"
      }
    ],
    "output": [{
        "notify": [],
        "sync_transactions": [],
        "async_transactions": []
      }
    ]
  }
}

子帐户

要检查由帐户（控制帐户）创建的子帐户

$ cleos get servants inita
{
  "controlled_accounts": [
    "tester"
  ]
}

检查帐户余额

$ cleos get account tester
{
  "name": "tester",
  "eos_balance": 0,
  "staked_balance": 1,
  "unstaking_balance": 0,
  "last_unstaking_time": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "permissions": [{
      "name": "active",
      "parent": "owner",
      "required_auth": {
        "threshold": 1,
        "keys": [{
            "key": "EOS7d9A3uLe6As66jzN8j44TXJUqJSK3bFjjEEqR4oTvNAB3iM9SA",
            "weight": 1
          }
        ],
        "accounts": []
      }
    },{
      "name": "owner",
      "parent": "owner",
      "required_auth": {
        "threshold": 1,
        "keys": [{
            "key": "EOS4toFS3YXEQCkuuw1aqDLrtHim86Gz9u3hBdcBw5KNPZcursVHq",
            "weight": 1
          }
        ],
        "accounts": []
      }
    }
  ]
}

创建或修改权限

要修改帐户的权限，您必须拥有该帐户的权限和您正在修改的权限。设置帐户权限命令可能会更改，因此它关联的类没有完整记录。

$ cleos set account permission test active '{"threshold" : 1, "keys" : [{"permission":{"key":"EOS8X7Mp7apQWtL6T2sfSZzBcQNUqZB7tARFEm9gA9Tn9nbMdsvBB","permission":"active"},"weight":1}], "accounts" : [{"permission":{"actor":"acc2","permission":"active"},"weight":50}]}' owner

第二个示例修改相同的帐户权限，但删除上一个示例中的密钥集，并将@test帐户的活动权限授予另一个帐户。

$ cleos set account permission test active '{"threshold" : 1, "keys" : [], "accounts" : [{"permission":{"actor":"sandwich","permission":"active"},"weight":1},{"permission":{"actor":"acc1","permission":"active"},"weight":50}]}' owner

第三个示例演示如何设置 multisig 的权限

$ cleos set account permission test active '{"threshold" : 100, "keys" : [{"permission":{"key":"EOS8X7Mp7apQWtL6T2sfSZzBcQNUqZB7tARFEm9gA9Tn9nbMdsvBB","permission":"active"},"weight":25}], "accounts" : [{"permission":{"actor":"@sandwich","permission":"active"},"weight":75}]}' owner

此命令中使用的 JSON 对象实际上由两种不同类型的对象组成权限 JSON 对象...

{
  "threshold"       : 100,    /*An integer that defines cumulative signature weight required for authorization*/
  "keys"            : [],     /*An array made up of individual permissions defined with an EOS PUBLIC KEY*/
  "accounts"        : []      /*An array made up of individual permissions defined with an EOS ACCOUNT*/
}

...其中包括一个或多个权限对象

/*Set Permission with Key*/
{
  "permission" : {
    "key"           : "EOS8X7Mp7apQWtL6T2sfSZzBcQNUqZB7tARFEm9gA9Tn9nbMdsvBB",
    "permission"    : "active"
  },
  weight            : 25      /*Set the weight of a signature from this permission*/
}

/*Set Permission with Account*/
{
  "permission" : {
    "actor"       : "sandwich",
    "permission"  : "active"
  },
  weight            : 75      /*Set the weight of a signature from this permission*/
}

部署合约

要将合约上传到区块链，您必须先持有一个帐户和一个持有该帐户的钱包。其次，你需要你的合同文件（.wast）和它的 abi（.abi）。然后你可以继续设置代码。

$ cleos set contract currency ../../../contracts/currency/currency.wast ../../../contracts/currency/currency.abi
Reading WAST...
Assembling WASM...
Publishing contract...
{
  "transaction_id": "9990306e13f630a9c5436a5a0b6fb8fe2c7f3da2f342b4898a39c4a2c17dcdb3",
  "processed": {
    "refBlockNum": 1208,
    "refBlockPrefix": 3058534156,
    "expiration": "2017-08-24T18:29:52",
    "scope": [
      "currency",
      "eos"
    ],
    "signatures": [],
    "messages": [{
        "code": "eos",
        "type": "setcode",
        "authorization": [{
            "account": "currency",
            "permission": "active"
          }
        ],
        "data": 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      }
    ],
    "output": [{
        "notify": [],
        "sync_transactions": [],
        "async_transactions": []
      }
    ]
  }
}

查询 ABI

我们可以在区块链中查询合同的.abi，我们可以在其中查看可用操作列表及其各自的消息结构

$ cleos get code -a currency.abi currency
code hash: 9b9db1a7940503a88535517049e64467a6e8f4e9e03af15e9968ec89dd794975
saving abi to currency.abi
$ cat currency.abi
{
  "types": [{
      "newTypeName": "AccountName",
      "type": "Name"
    }
  ],
  "structs": [{
      "name": "transfer",
      "base": "",
      "fields": {
        "from": "AccountName",
        "to": "AccountName",
        "amount": "UInt64"
      }
    },{
      "name": "account",
      "base": "",
      "fields": {
        "account": "Name",
        "balance": "UInt64"
      }
    }
  ],
  "actions": [{
      "action": "transfer",
      "type": "transfer"
    }
  ],
  "tables": [{
      "table": "account",
      "indextype": "i64",
      "keynames": [
        "account"
      ],
      "keytype": [],
      "type": "account"
    }
  ]
}

推送操作

根据合同 ABI，消息应该是合同。

例如，货币合约的 ABI 被构造如下。

$ cleos get code -a currency.abi currency
code hash: 9b9db1a7940503a88535517049e64467a6e8f4e9e03af15e9968ec89dd794975
saving abi to currency.abi
$ cat currency.abi
{
  "types": [{
      "newTypeName": "AccountName",
      "type": "Name"
    }
  ],
  "structs": [{
      "name": "transfer",
      "base": "",
      "fields": {
        "from": "AccountName",
        "to": "AccountName",
        "amount": "UInt64"
      }
    },{
      "name": "account",
      "base": "",
      "fields": {
        "account": "Name",
        "balance": "UInt64"
      }
    }
  ],
  "actions": [{
      "action": "transfer",
      "type": "transfer"
    }
  ],
  "tables": [{
      "table": "account",
      "indextype": "i64",
      "keynames": [
        "account"
      ],
      "keytype": [],
      "type": "account"
    }
  ]
}

从上面的 abi 中，我们可以看到货币合约接受一个叫做 transfer 的操作，它接受带有 from，to 和 amount 字段的消息。

$ ./cleos push message currency transfer '{"from":"currency","to":"tester","amount":50}' -S currency -S tester -p currency@active
1589302ms thread-0   main.cpp:271                  operator()           ] Converting argument to binary...
1589304ms thread-0   main.cpp:290                  operator()           ] Transaction result:
{
  "transaction_id": "1c4911c0b277566dce4217edbbca0f688f7bdef761ed445ff31b31f286720057",
  "processed": {
    "refBlockNum": 1173,
    "refBlockPrefix": 2184027244,
    "expiration": "2017-08-24T18:28:07",
    "scope": [
      "currency",
      "tester"
    ],
    "signatures": [],
    "messages": [{
        "code": "currency",
        "type": "transfer",
        "authorization": [{
            "account": "currency",
            "permission": "active"
          }
        ],
        "data": {
          "from": "currency",
          "to": "tester",
          "quantity": 50
        },
        "hex_data": "00000079b822651d00000000c84267a13200000000000000"
      }
    ],
    "output": [{
        "notify": [{
            "name": "tester",
            "output": {
              "notify": [],
              "sync_transactions": [],
              "async_transactions": []
            }
          }
        ],
        "sync_transactions": [],
        "async_transactions": []
      }
    ]
  }
}

查询合约

根据合约中定义的表结构，您可以查询合同中的数据。例如，currency 合约 ABI 包含账户表。

$ cleos get code -a currency.abi currency
code hash: 9b9db1a7940503a88535517049e64467a6e8f4e9e03af15e9968ec89dd794975
saving abi to currency.abi
$ cat currency.abi
{
  ...
  "tables": [{
      "table": "account",
      "indextype": "i64",
      "keynames": [
        "account"
      ],
      "keytype": [],
      "type": "account"
    }
  ]
}

您可以查询指定必要字段的表格。

$ cleos get table inita currency account
{
  "rows": [{
      "account": "account",
      "balance": 50
    }
  ],
  "more": true
}

跳过签名

如果您的本地运行 nodeos，作为开发人员在不处理密钥的情况下测试功能的简便方法，则可以运行 nodeos 以便不需要 Transaction 签名。

$ nodeos --skip-transaction-signatures

然后对于任何需要签名的操作，请使用-s 选项

$ cleos ${command} ${subcommand} -s ${param}

使用独立的钱包应用

您可以使用可在program/keosd中找到的单独的钱包应用程序，而不是使用内置于 nodeos 的钱包功能。默认情况下，节点使用端口 8888，因此请为钱包应用选择另一个端口。

$ keosd --http-server-endpoint 127.0.0.1:8887

然后，对于任何需要签名的操作，请使用-wallet-host 和-wallet-port 选项.

$ cleos —-wallet-url 127.0.0.1:8887 ${command} ${subcommand} ${param}

错误示例

status_code == 200: Error
: 10 assert_exception: Assert Exception
test: assertion failed: integer underflow subtracting token balance
    {"s":"integer underflow subtracting token balance","ptr":176}
    thread-1  wasm_interface.cpp:248 assertnonei32i32
[...snipped...]