编译设计(Compiling Design)
我们在前一章中生成了JasperReport模板(JRXML文件)。 此文件不能直接用于生成报告。 它必须编译为JasperReport的本机二进制格式,称为Jasper文件。 在编译时,我们将JasperDesign对象转换为JasperReport对象 -
接口net.sf.jasperreports.engine.design.JRCompiler在编译期间起着核心作用。 此接口具有多种实现,具体取决于报表表达式使用的语言,只要编译器实现可以在运行时对其进行评估,就可以使用Java,Groovy,JavaScript或任何其他脚本语言编写。
我们可以通过以下两种方式编译JRXML文件 -
- 程序化编译。
- 通过ANT任务编译。
JRXML的程序化编译
JasperReports API提供了一个外观类net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JasperCompileManager用于编译JasperReport。 该类包含几个用于编译报告模板的公共静态方法。 模板的来源可以是文件,输入流和/或存储器对象。
JRXML文件(jasper_report_template.jrxml)的内容如下所示。 它保存在目录C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE jasperReport PUBLIC "//JasperReports//DTD Report Design//EN"
"http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/dtds/jasperreport.dtd">
<jasperReport xmlns = "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation = "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports
http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/xsd/jasperreport.xsd"
name = "jasper_report_template" language = "groovy" pageWidth = "595"
pageHeight = "842" columnWidth = "555" leftMargin = "20" rightMargin = "20"
topMargin = "20" bottomMargin = "20">
<queryString>
<![CDATA[]]>
</queryString>
<field name = "country" class = "java.lang.String">
<fieldDescription><![CDATA[country]]></fieldDescription>
</field>
<field name = "name" class = "java.lang.String">
<fieldDescription><![CDATA[name]]></fieldDescription>
</field>
<columnHeader>
<band height = "23">
<staticText>
<reportElement mode = "Opaque" x = "0" y = "3"
width = "535" height = "15" backcolor = "#70A9A9" />
<box>
<bottomPen lineWidth = "1.0" lineColor = "#CCCCCC" />
</box>
<textElement />
<text><![CDATA[]]> </text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x = "414" y = "3" width = "121" height = "15" />
<textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle">
<font isBold = "true" />
</textElement>
<text><![CDATA[Country]]></text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x = "0" y = "3" width = "136" height = "15" />
<textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle">
<font isBold = "true" />
</textElement>
<text><![CDATA[Name]]></text>
</staticText>
</band>
</columnHeader>
<detail>
<band height = "16">
<staticText>
<reportElement mode = "Opaque" x = "0" y = "0"
width = "535" height = "14" backcolor = "#E5ECF9" />
<box>
<bottomPen lineWidth = "0.25" lineColor = "#CCCCCC" />
</box>
<textElement />
<text><![CDATA[]]> </text>
</staticText>
<textField>
<reportElement x = "414" y = "0" width = "121" height = "15" />
<textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle">
<font size = "9" />
</textElement>
<textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
<![CDATA[$F{country}]]>
</textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField>
<reportElement x = "0" y = "0" width = "136" height = "15" />
<textElement textAlignment = "Center" verticalAlignment = "Middle" />
<textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String">
<![CDATA[$F{name}]]>
</textFieldExpression>
</textField>
</band>
</detail>
</jasperReport>
以下代码演示了上述jasper_report_template.jrxml文件的编译。
package cn.xnip;
import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JRException;
import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JasperCompileManager;
public class JasperReportCompile {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String sourceFileName = "C://tools/jasperreports-5.0.1/test" +
"/jasper_report_template.jrxml";
System.out.println("Compiling Report Design ...");
try {
/**
* Compile the report to a file name same as
* the JRXML file name
*/
JasperCompileManager.compileReportToFile(sourceFileName);
} catch (JRException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Done compiling!!! ...");
}
}
模板编译
下一步,让我们将以上内容保存在文件C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\src\com\xnip\JasperReportCompile.java并在build.xml文件中导入baseBuild.xml ,如下所示。 baseBuild.xml已经有了compile和run目标 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project name = "JasperReportTest" default = "run" basedir = ".">
<import file = "baseBuild.xml"/>
</project>
接下来,让我们打开命令行窗口并转到build.xml所在的目录。 最后,执行命令ant -Dmain-class = cn.xnip.JasperReportCompile as -
C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test>ant -Dmain-class = cn.xnip.JasperReportCompile
Buildfile: C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\build.xml
compile:
[javac] C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\baseBuild.xml:27:
warning: 'includeantruntime' was not set, defaulting to
build.sysclasspath=last;set to false for repeatable builds
[javac] Compiling 1 source file to C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\classes
run:
[echo] Runnin class : cn.xnip.JasperReportCompile
[java] Compiling Report Design ...
[java] log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger
(net.sf.jasperreports.engine.xml.JRXmlDigesterFactory).
[java] log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
[java] Done compiling!!! ...
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 8 seconds
作为上述编译的结果,您将看到模板文件jasper_report_template.jasper在C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test目录中生成。
预览编译的报告模板
net.sf.jasperreports.view.JasperDesignViewer可用于预览已编译的报告模板和JRXML模板。
为了进一步移动,我们将新的目标viewDesign添加到上面的build.xml文件中,这将允许我们预览已编译的报告。 下面是修改后的build.xml -
导入文件 - baseBuild.xml是从环境设置一章中挑选出来的,应该与build.xml放在同一目录中。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project name = "JasperReportTest" default = "viewDesign" basedir = ".">
<import file = "baseBuild.xml" />
<target name = "viewDesign" description="Design viewer is launched
to preview the compiled report design.">
<java classname = "net.sf.jasperreports.view.JasperDesignViewer" fork = "true">
<arg value = "-F${file.name}.jasper" />
<classpath refid = "classpath" />
</java>
</target>
</project>
让我们在命令提示符下执行命令 - ant (viewDesign是默认目标)。 JasperDesignViewer窗口打开,显示Jasper文件,如下所示 -
通过ANT任务编译
由于报表模板编译更像是设计时作业而不是运行时作业,因此JasperReport库具有自定义ANT任务。 对于某些情况,在运行时创建JRXML文件时,我们无法使用此ANT任务。 自定义ANT任务称为JRC,由类net.sf.jasperreports.ant.JRAntCompileTask 。 它的语法和行为与内置的《javac》 ANT任务非常相似。
模板编译
让我们在现有的build.xml中添加新的目标compilereportdesing 。 这里,使用带有文件集的嵌套“src”标记指定源文件夹。 嵌套的源标记允许编译分散在许多不同位置的报表模板,而不是在单个根报表源文件夹下分组。 下面是修改后的build.xml -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project name = "JasperReportTest" default = "compilereportdesing" basedir = ".">
<import file = "baseBuild.xml" />
<target name = "viewDesign" description = "Design viewer is
launched to preview the compiled report design.">
<java classname = "net.sf.jasperreports.view.JasperDesignViewer" fork = "true">
<arg value = "-F${file.name}.jasper" />
<classpath refid = "classpath" />
</java>
</target>
<target name = "compilereportdesing" description = "Compiles the
JXML file and produces the .jasper file.">
<taskdef name = "jrc" classname = "net.sf.jasperreports.ant.JRAntCompileTask">
<classpath refid = "classpath" />
</taskdef>
<jrc destdir = ".">
<src>
<fileset dir = ".">
<include name = "*.jrxml" />
</fileset>
</src>
<classpath refid = "classpath" />
</jrc>
</target>
</project>
接下来,让我们打开命令提示符并转到build.xml所在的目录。 执行命令ant (compilereportdesing是默认目标); 输出如下 -
C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test>ant
Buildfile: C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\build.xml
compilereportdesing:
[jrc] Compiling 1 report design files.
[jrc] log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger
(net.sf.jasperreports.engine.xml.JRXmlDigesterFactory).
[jrc] log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
[jrc] log4j:WARN See
http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig
for more info.
[jrc] File :
C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\jasper_report_template.jrxml ... OK.
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 5 seconds
文件jasper_report_template.jasper是在文件系统中生成的(在我们的例子中是C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test目录)。 此文件与通过调用net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JasperCompileManager.compileReportToFile()以编程方式生成的文件相同。 我们可以预览这个jasper文件,执行ant viewDesign 。