WHERE 子句

本章提供了有关如何使用JDBC应用程序从表中选择记录的示例。 这将在从表中选择记录时使用WHERE子句添加其他条件。 在执行以下示例之前，请确保您具备以下示例 -

• 要执行以下示例，您可以使用实际用户名和密码替换用户名和密码。

• 您的MySQL或您正在使用的任何数据库已启动并正在运行。

所需的步骤 (Required Steps)

使用JDBC应用程序创建新数据库需要以下步骤 -

• Import the packages:要求包含包含数据库编程所需的JDBC类的包。 通常，使用import java.sql.*就足够了。

• Register the JDBC driver:需要初始化驱动程序，以便打开与数据库的通信通道。

• Open a connection:需要使用DriverManager.getConnection()方法创建Connection对象，该对象表示与数据库服务器的物理连接。

• Execute a query:需要使用Statement类型的对象来构建和提交SQL语句以从表中获取符合给定条件的记录。 此Query使用WHERE子句来选择记录。

• Clean up the environment:需要显式关闭所有数据库资源，而不是依赖于JVM的垃圾收集。

示例代码 (Sample Code)

将以下示例复制并粘贴到JDBCExample.java中，编译并运行如下 -

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;
public class JDBCExample {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS";
   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "username";
   static final String PASS = "password";
   public static void main(String[] args) {
   Connection conn = null;
   Statement stmt = null;
   try{
      //STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
      Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
      //STEP 3: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
      System.out.println("Connected database successfully...");
      //STEP 4: Execute a query
      System.out.println("Creating statement...");
      stmt = conn.createStatement();
      // Extract records without any condition.
      System.out.println("Fetching records without condition...");
      String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration";
      ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
      while(rs.next()){
         //Retrieve by column name
         int id  = rs.getInt("id");
         int age = rs.getInt("age");
         String first = rs.getString("first");
         String last = rs.getString("last");
         //Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + id);
         System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
         System.out.print(", First: " + first);
         System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
      }
      // Select all records having ID equal or greater than 101
      System.out.println("Fetching records with condition...");
      sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration" +
                   " WHERE id >= 101 ";
      rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
      while(rs.next()){
         //Retrieve by column name
         int id  = rs.getInt("id");
         int age = rs.getInt("age");
         String first = rs.getString("first");
         String last = rs.getString("last");
         //Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + id);
         System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
         System.out.print(", First: " + first);
         System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
      }
      rs.close();
   }catch(SQLException se){
      //Handle errors for JDBC
      se.printStackTrace();
   }catch(Exception e){
      //Handle errors for Class.forName
      e.printStackTrace();
   }finally{
      //finally block used to close resources
      try{
         if(stmt!=null)
            conn.close();
      }catch(SQLException se){
      }// do nothing
      try{
         if(conn!=null)
            conn.close();
      }catch(SQLException se){
         se.printStackTrace();
      }//end finally try
   }//end try
   System.out.println("Goodbye!");
}//end main
}//end JDBCExample

现在，让我们编译上面的例子如下 -

C:\>javac JDBCExample.java
C:\>

运行JDBCExample ，它会产生以下结果 -

C:\>java JDBCExample
Connecting to a selected database...
Connected database successfully...
Creating statement...
Fetching records without condition...
ID: 100, Age: 30, First: Zara, Last: Ali
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
Fetching records with condition...
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
Goodbye!
C:\>