selenium-webdriver(python) (十五) — 鼠标事件

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小牛编辑

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2023-12-01

http://www.cnblogs.com/fnng/p/3288444.html

本节重点：

ActionChains 类

context_click() 右击
double_click() 双击
drag_and_drop() 拖动

测试的产品中有一个操作是右键点击文件列表会弹出一个快捷菜单，可以方便的选择快捷菜单中的选择对文件进行操作（删除、移动、重命名），之前学习元素的点击非常简单：

driver.find_element_by_id(“xxx”).click()

那么鼠标的双击、右击、拖动等是否也是这样的写法呢？例如右击：

driver.find_element_by_id(“xxx”).context_click()

经过运行脚本得到了下面的错误提示：

AttributeError: 'WebElement' object has no attribute 'context_click'

提示右点方法不属于webelement 对象，通过查找文档，发现属于ActionChains 类，但文档中没有具体写法。这里要感谢北京-QC-rabbit 的指点，其实整个python+selenium 学习过程都要感谢北京-QC-rabbit 的指点。

下面介绍鼠标右键的用法，以快播私有云为例：

#coding=utf-8from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainsimport time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://passport.kuaibo.com/login/?referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwebcloud.kuaibo.com%2F")#登陆快播私有云driver.find_element_by_id("user_name").send_keys("username")
driver.find_element_by_id("user_pwd").send_keys("123456")
driver.find_element_by_id("dl_an_submit").click()
time.sleep(3)#定位到要右击的元素qqq =driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[3]/table/tbody/tr/td[2]")#对定位到的元素执行鼠标右键操作ActionChains(driver).context_click(qqq).perform()'''#你也可以使用三行的写法，但我觉得上面两行写法更容易理解
chain = ActionChains(driver)
implement = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[3]/table/tbody/tr/td[2]")
chain.context_click(implement).perform()'''time.sleep(3) #休眠3秒driver.close()

这里需要注意的是，在使用ActionChains 类之前，要先将包引入。

右击的操作会了，下面的其它方法比葫芦画瓢也能写出来。

鼠标双击的写法：

#定位到要双击的元素qqq =driver.find_element_by_xpath("xxx")#对定位到的元素执行鼠标双击操作ActionChains(driver).double_click(qqq).perform()

鼠标拖放操作的写法：

#定位元素的原位置element = driver.find_element_by_name("source")#定位元素要移动到的目标位置target =  driver.find_element_by_name("target")#执行元素的移动操作ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(element, target).perform()

ActionChains 类不仅仅是只包含了上面的三个方法，下面将方法列出：

class ActionChains(driver)

driver:The WebDriver instance which performs user actions.

Generate user actions. All actions are stored in the ActionChains object. Call perform() to fire stored actions.

　　– perform()

Performs all stored actions.

　　– click(on_element=None)

Clicks an element.

on_element:The element to click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.

　　– click_and_hold(on_element)

Holds down the left mouse button on an element.

on_element:The element to mouse down. If None, clicks on current mouse position.

　　– context_click(on_element)

Performs a context-click (right click) on an element.

on_element:The element to context-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.

　　– double_click(on_element)

Double-clicks an element.

on_element:The element to double-click. If None, clicks on current mouse position.

　　– drag_and_drop(source, target)

Holds down the left mouse button on the source element, then moves to the target element and releases the mouse button.

source:The element to mouse down.

target: The element to mouse up.

　　– key_down(key, element=None)

Sends a key press only, without releasing it. Should only be used with modifier keys (Control, Alt andShift).

key:The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.

element:The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element.

　　– key_up(key, element=None)

Releases a modifier key.

key:The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.

element:The element to send keys. If None, sends a key to current focused element.

　　– move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset)

Moving the mouse to an offset from current mouse position.

xoffset:X offset to move to.yoffset:Y offset to move to.

　　– move_to_element(to_element)

Moving the mouse to the middle of an element.

to_element: The element to move to.

　　– move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset)

Move the mouse by an offset of the specificed element. Offsets are relative to the top-left corner of the

element.

to_element: The element to move to.xoffset:X offset to move to.yoffset:Y offset to move to.

　　– release(on_element)

Releasing a held mouse button.

on_element:The element to mouse up.

　　– send_keys(*keys_to_send)

Sends keys to current focused element.

keys_to_send:The keys to send.

　　– send_keys_to_element(self, element,*keys_to_send):

Sends keys to an element.

element:The element to send keys.keys_to_send:The keys to send.