RDDs
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2023-12-01
Spark支持两种方法将存在的RDDs转换为SchemaRDDs。第一种方法使用反射来推断包含特定对象类型的RDD的模式(schema)。在你写spark程序的同时,当你已经知道了模式,这种基于反射的 方法可以使代码更简洁并且程序工作得更好。
创建SchemaRDDs的第二种方法是通过一个编程接口来实现,这个接口允许你构造一个模式,然后在存在的RDDs上使用它。虽然这种方法更冗长,但是它允许你在运行期之前不知道列以及列 的类型的情况下构造SchemaRDDs。
利用反射推断模式
Spark SQL的Scala接口支持将包含样本类的RDDs自动转换为SchemaRDD。这个样本类定义了表的模式。
给样本类的参数名字通过反射来读取,然后作为列的名字。样本类可以嵌套或者包含复杂的类型如序列或者数组。这个RDD可以隐式转化为一个SchemaRDD,然后注册为一个表。表可以在后续的 sql语句中使用。
// sc is an existing SparkContext.
val sqlContext = new org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext(sc)
// createSchemaRDD is used to implicitly convert an RDD to a SchemaRDD.
import sqlContext.createSchemaRDD
// Define the schema using a case class.
// Note: Case classes in Scala 2.10 can support only up to 22 fields. To work around this limit,
// you can use custom classes that implement the Product interface.
case class Person(name: String, age: Int)
// Create an RDD of Person objects and register it as a table.
val people = sc.textFile("examples/src/main/resources/people.txt").map(_.split(",")).map(p => Person(p(0), p(1).trim.toInt))
people.registerTempTable("people")
// SQL statements can be run by using the sql methods provided by sqlContext.
val teenagers = sqlContext.sql("SELECT name FROM people WHERE age >= 13 AND age <= 19")
// The results of SQL queries are SchemaRDDs and support all the normal RDD operations.
// The columns of a row in the result can be accessed by ordinal.
teenagers.map(t => "Name: " + t(0)).collect().foreach(println)
编程指定模式
当样本类不能提前确定(例如,记录的结构是经过编码的字符串,或者一个文本集合将会被解析,不同的字段投影给不同的用户),一个SchemaRDD可以通过三步来创建。
- 从原来的RDD创建一个行的RDD
- 创建由一个
StructType
表示的模式与第一步创建的RDD的行结构相匹配 - 在行RDD上通过
applySchema
方法应用模式
// sc is an existing SparkContext.
val sqlContext = new org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext(sc)
// Create an RDD
val people = sc.textFile("examples/src/main/resources/people.txt")
// The schema is encoded in a string
val schemaString = "name age"
// Import Spark SQL data types and Row.
import org.apache.spark.sql._
// Generate the schema based on the string of schema
val schema =
StructType(
schemaString.split(" ").map(fieldName => StructField(fieldName, StringType, true)))
// Convert records of the RDD (people) to Rows.
val rowRDD = people.map(_.split(",")).map(p => Row(p(0), p(1).trim))
// Apply the schema to the RDD.
val peopleSchemaRDD = sqlContext.applySchema(rowRDD, schema)
// Register the SchemaRDD as a table.
peopleSchemaRDD.registerTempTable("people")
// SQL statements can be run by using the sql methods provided by sqlContext.
val results = sqlContext.sql("SELECT name FROM people")
// The results of SQL queries are SchemaRDDs and support all the normal RDD operations.
// The columns of a row in the result can be accessed by ordinal.
results.map(t => "Name: " + t(0)).collect().foreach(println)