MySQL使用
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小牛编辑
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2023-12-01
MySQL是最常见的关系型数据库,应用很广泛。
环境安装
docker: docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
pip3 install PyMySQL
连接
先创建一张表
CREATE TABLE `users` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`email` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin
AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
import pymysql.cursors
# Connect to the database
connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
user='user',
password='passwd',
db='db',
charset='utf8mb4',
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
创建cursor、执行SQL
import pymysql.cursors
# Connect to the database
connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
user='user',
password='passwd',
db='db',
charset='utf8mb4',
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
try:
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
# Create a new record
sql = "INSERT INTO `users` (`email`, `password`) VALUES (NULL, %s)"
cursor.execute(sql, ('webmaster@python.org', 'very-secret'))
# connection is not autocommit by default. So you must commit to save
# your changes.
connection.commit()
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
# Read a single record
sql = "SELECT `id`, `password` FROM `users` WHERE `email`=%s"
cursor.execute(sql, ('webmaster@python.org',))
result = cursor.fetchone()
print(result)
finally:
connection.close()
将会输出:{'password': 'very-secret', 'id': 1}
查询数据
# 执行查询 SQL
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM `users`')
# 获取单条数据
cursor.fetchone()
# 获取前N条数据
cursor.fetchmany(3)
# 获取所有数据
cursor.fetchall()
设置游标类型
查询时,默认返回的数据类型为元组,可以自定义设置返回类型。支持5种游标类型:
- Cursor: 默认,元组类型
- DictCursor: 字典类型
- DictCursorMixin: 支持自定义的游标类型,需先自定义才可使用
- SSCursor: 无缓冲元组类型
- SSDictCursor: 无缓冲字典类型
无缓冲游标类型,适用于数据量很大,一次性返回太慢,或者服务端带宽较小时。
创建方法.创建连接时,通过 cursorclass 参数指定类型:
connection = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',
user='root',
password='root',
db='demo',
charset='utf8',
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
也可以在创建游标时指定类型:
cursor = connection.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)