Swift类型转换
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2023-03-14
在Swift 4语言中类型转换用于检查实例类型是属于特定的超类还是子类,还是在自己的层次结构中定义。
Swift 4类型转换提供两个运算符is
和as
来检查值的类型,并将类型值转换为不同的类型。 类型转换还检查实例类型是否遵循特定的协议一致性标准。
定义类层次结构
类型转换用于检查实例的类型,以确定它是否属于特定的类类型。 此外,它还检查类及其子类的层次结构,以检查并转换这些实例,使其成为同一层次结构。
class Subjects {
var physics: String
init(physics: String) {
self.physics = physics
}
}
class Chemistry: Subjects {
var equations: String
init(physics: String, equations: String) {
self.equations = equations
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
class Maths: Subjects {
var formulae: String
init(physics: String, formulae: String) {
self.formulae = formulae
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
let sa = [ Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz"),
Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz")]
let samplechem = Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplechem.physics)")
print("Instance equation is: \(samplechem.equations)")
let samplemaths = Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplemaths.physics)")
print("Instance formulae is: \(samplemaths.formulae)")
当使用playground 运行上述程序时,得到以下结果 -
Instance physics is: solid physics
Instance equation is: Hertz
Instance physics is: Fluid Dynamics
Instance formulae is: Giga Hertz
类型检查
使用is
运算符完成类型检查。is
类型检查运算符检查实例是否属于特定的子类类型,如果它属于实例则返回true
,否则它将返回false
。
class Subjects {
var physics: String
init(physics: String) {
self.physics = physics
}
}
class Chemistry: Subjects {
var equations: String
init(physics: String, equations: String) {
self.equations = equations
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
class Maths: Subjects {
var formulae: String
init(physics: String, formulae: String) {
self.formulae = formulae
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
let sa = [
Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz"),
Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz"),
Chemistry(physics: "Thermo physics", equations: "Decibels"),
Maths(physics: "Astro Physics", formulae: "MegaHertz"),
Maths(physics: "Differential Equations", formulae: "Cosine Series")]
let samplechem = Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplechem.physics)")
print("Instance equation is: \(samplechem.equations)")
let samplemaths = Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplemaths.physics)")
print("Instance formulae is: \(samplemaths.formulae)")
var chemCount = 0
var mathsCount = 0
for item in sa {
if item is Chemistry {
++chemCount
} else if item is Maths {
++mathsCount
}
}
print("Subjects in chemistry contains \(chemCount) topics and maths contains \(mathsCount) topics")
当使用playground 运行上述程序时,得到以下结果 -
Instance physics is: solid physics
Instance equation is: Hertz
Instance physics is: Fluid Dynamics
Instance formulae is: Giga Hertz
Subjects in chemistry contains 2 topics and maths contains 3 topics
向下转换
向下转换子类类型可以使用两个运算符(as?
和?
)。as?
当值返回nil
时返回可选值。 它用于检查成功的向下转换。
as!
当向下转换返回nil
值时,返回强拆包,如可选链中所讨论的那样。 它用于在发生转发故障时触发运行时错误。
class Subjects {
var physics: String
init(physics: String) {
self.physics = physics
}
}
class Chemistry: Subjects {
var equations: String
init(physics: String, equations: String) {
self.equations = equations
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
class Maths: Subjects {
var formulae: String
init(physics: String, formulae: String) {
self.formulae = formulae
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
let sa = [
Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz"),
Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz"),
Chemistry(physics: "Thermo physics", equations: "Decibels"),
Maths(physics: "Astro Physics", formulae: "MegaHertz"),
Maths(physics: "Differential Equations", formulae: "Cosine Series")]
let samplechem = Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplechem.physics)")
print("Instance equation is: \(samplechem.equations)")
let samplemaths = Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplemaths.physics)")
print("Instance formulae is: \(samplemaths.formulae)")
var chemCount = 0
var mathsCount = 0
for item in sa {
if let print = item as? Chemistry {
print("Chemistry topics are: '\(print.physics)', \(print.equations)")
} else if let example = item as? Maths {
print("Maths topics are: '\(example.physics)', \(example.formulae)")
}
}
当使用playground运行上述程序时,得到以下结果 -
Instance physics is: solid physics
Instance equation is: Hertz
Instance physics is: Fluid Dynamics
Instance formulae is: Giga Hertz
Chemistry topics are: 'solid physics', Hertz
Maths topics are: 'Fluid Dynamics', Giga Hertz
Chemistry topics are: 'Thermo physics', Decibels
Maths topics are: 'Astro Physics', MegaHertz
Maths topics are: 'Differential Equations', Cosine Series
类型转换:任何和任何对象
关键字Any
用于表示属于包括函数类型在内的任何类型的实例。
class Subjects {
var physics: String
init(physics: String) {
self.physics = physics
}
}
class Chemistry: Subjects {
var equations: String
init(physics: String, equations: String) {
self.equations = equations
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
class Maths: Subjects {
var formulae: String
init(physics: String, formulae: String) {
self.formulae = formulae
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
let sa = [
Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz"),
Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz"),
Chemistry(physics: "Thermo physics", equations: "Decibels"),
Maths(physics: "Astro Physics", formulae: "MegaHertz"),
Maths(physics: "Differential Equations", formulae: "Cosine Series")]
let samplechem = Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplechem.physics)")
print("Instance equation is: \(samplechem.equations)")
let samplemaths = Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplemaths.physics)")
print("Instance formulae is: \(samplemaths.formulae)")
var chemCount = 0
var mathsCount = 0
for item in sa {
if let print = item as? Chemistry {
print("Chemistry topics are: '\(print.physics)', \(print.equations)")
} else if let example = item as? Maths {
print("Maths topics are: '\(example.physics)', \(example.formulae)")
}
}
var exampleany = [Any]()
exampleany.append(12)
exampleany.append(3.14159)
exampleany.append("Example for Any")
exampleany.append(Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz"))
for print in exampleany {
switch print {
case let someInt as Int:
print("Integer value is \(someInt)")
case let someDouble as Double where someDouble > 0:
print("Pi value is \(someDouble)")
case let someString as String:
print("\(someString)")
case let phy as Chemistry:
print("Topics '\(phy.physics)', \(phy.equations)")
default:
print("None")
}
}
当使用playground运行上述程序时,得到以下结果 -
Instance physics is: solid physics
Instance equation is: Hertz
Instance physics is: Fluid Dynamics
Instance formulae is: Giga Hertz
Chemistry topics are: 'solid physics', Hertz
Maths topics are: 'Fluid Dynamics', Giga Hertz
Chemistry topics are: 'Thermo physics', Decibels
Maths topics are: 'Astro Physics', MegaHertz
Maths topics are: 'Differential Equations', Cosine Series
Integer value is 12
Pi value is 3.14159
Example for Any
Topics 'solid physics', Hertz
AnyObject
要表示任何类类型的实例,使用AnyObject
关键字。
class Subjects {
var physics: String
init(physics: String) {
self.physics = physics
}
}
class Chemistry: Subjects {
var equations: String
init(physics: String, equations: String) {
self.equations = equations
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
class Maths: Subjects {
var formulae: String
init(physics: String, formulae: String) {
self.formulae = formulae
super.init(physics: physics)
}
}
let saprint: [AnyObject] = [Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz"),
Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz"),
Chemistry(physics: "Thermo physics", equations: "Decibels"),
Maths(physics: "Astro Physics", formulae: "MegaHertz"),
Maths(physics: "Differential Equations", formulae: "Cosine Series")]
let samplechem = Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplechem.physics)")
print("Instance equation is: \(samplechem.equations)")
let samplemaths = Maths(physics: "Fluid Dynamics", formulae: "Giga Hertz")
print("Instance physics is: \(samplemaths.physics)")
print("Instance formulae is: \(samplemaths.formulae)")
var chemCount = 0
var mathsCount = 0
for item in saprint {
if let print = item as? Chemistry {
print("Chemistry topics are: '\(print.physics)', \(print.equations)")
} else if let example = item as? Maths {
print("Maths topics are: '\(example.physics)', \(example.formulae)")
}
}
var exampleany = [Any]()
exampleany.append(12)
exampleany.append(3.14159)
exampleany.append("Example for Any")
exampleany.append(Chemistry(physics: "solid physics", equations: "Hertz"))
for print in exampleany {
switch print {
case let someInt as Int:
print("Integer value is \(someInt)")
case let someDouble as Double where someDouble > 0:
print("Pi value is \(someDouble)")
case let someString as String:
print("\(someString)")
case let phy as Chemistry:
print("Topics '\(phy.physics)', \(phy.equations)")
default:
print("None")
}
}
当使用playground运行上述程序时,得到以下结果 -
Instance physics is: solid physics
Instance equation is: Hertz
Instance physics is: Fluid Dynamics
Instance formulae is: Giga Hertz
Chemistry topics are: 'solid physics', Hertz
Maths topics are: 'Fluid Dynamics', Giga Hertz
Chemistry topics are: 'Thermo physics', Decibels
Maths topics are: 'Astro Physics', MegaHertz
Maths topics are: 'Differential Equations', Cosine Series
Integer value is 12
Pi value is 3.14159
Example for Any
Topics 'solid physics', Hertz