python - 设计tkinter控制按钮实时生成函数图像出现问题？

Question

各位大神好，我建立一个简单的由电池、开关和负载的电路，目的是通过开关实时操控来量测电路中电压、电流的变化。现在的代码如下：

import tkinter as tkimport numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAggfrom matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimationt_max = 10.0  # 最大时间（秒）fps = 20  # 帧率t = np.linspace(0, t_max, int(fps * t_max))  # 时间序列# 电路参数V_battery = 15  # 电池电压（V）R_load = 10  # 负载电阻（欧姆）class CircuitSimulator:    def __init__(self, t_values, initial_switch_state=True):        self.t_values = t_values        self.VoltageOverTime = np.full_like(t_values, V_battery)  # 初始时所有时间点电压均为电池电压        self.CurrentOverTime = np.full_like(t_values, V_battery / R_load)  # 初始化电流数组        self.switch_states = np.ones_like(t_values, dtype=bool) * initial_switch_state  # 记录每个时间点开关的状态        self.previous_switch_state = initial_switch_state  # 记录上一个开关状态        self.previous_switch_time_index = -1 # 初始化为-1，表示尚未进行过切换    def calculate_circuit_response(self, current_time_index):        # 检查当前时间点是否有开关切换发生        if current_time_index > self.previous_switch_time_index:            # 检查当前时间点的开关状态是否与前一时刻不同            if self.switch_states[current_time_index] != self.switch_states[current_time_index - 1]:                self.previous_switch_state = self.switch_states[current_time_index]                next_switch_index = current_time_index + np.argmax(self.switch_states[current_time_index:] != self.switch_states[current_time_index])                if not self.previous_switch_state:                    # 开关断开                    self.VoltageOverTime[current_time_index:next_switch_index] = 0                    self.CurrentOverTime[current_time_index:next_switch_index] = 0                else:                    # 开关闭合                    self.VoltageOverTime[current_time_index:next_switch_index] = V_battery * np.ones_like(self.VoltageOverTime[current_time_index:next_switch_index])                    self.CurrentOverTime[current_time_index:next_switch_index] = V_battery / R_load * np.ones_like(self.CurrentOverTime[current_time_index:next_switch_index])                # 更新上一次开关切换的时间索引                self.previous_switch_time_index = next_switch_index    def toggle_switch_at_time(self, switch_time_index):        if 0 <= switch_time_index < len(self.switch_states):            # 只改变指定时间点及其之后已定义的时间段内的开关状态            end_of_simulation = min(switch_time_index + 1, len(self.switch_states))  # 防止越界            self.switch_states[switch_time_index:end_of_simulation] = not self.switch_states[switch_time_index]        else:            raise IndexError(f"Invalid time index: {switch_time_index}. Maximum allowed index is {len(self.switch_states) - 1}")# 创建一个新的窗口类，用于集成matplotlib图表与Tkinter GUIclass CircuitSimulationGUI(tk.Tk):    def __init__(self):        super().__init__()        # 设置窗口标题        self.title("电路运行状态监控")        # 创建主容器        container = tk.Frame(self)        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)        container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)        # 初始化图表        self.fig, self.axs = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(10, 6))        self.V_line, = self.axs[0].plot([], [], label='Circuit Voltage (V)')        self.I_line, = self.axs[1].plot([], [], label='Circuit Current (A)', color='r')        for ax in self.axs:            ax.set_xlabel('Time (s)')            ax.set_ylabel('Value')            ax.legend()        # 将matplotlib图表嵌入到Tkinter窗口中        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, master=container)        self.canvas.draw()        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)        # 创建开关按钮        self.manual_switch_button = tk.Button(master=self, text="Close Circuit", command=self.toggle_manual_switch)        self.manual_switch_button.pack(pady=10)        # 初始化动画        self.simulator = CircuitSimulator(t)        self.ani = None  # 将动画实例化变量初始化为None        # 初始化状态变量        self.current_time_index = 0        # 启动模拟        self.start_simulation()    def toggle_manual_switch(self):        """        处理手动开关按钮点击事件，切换当前时刻的开关状态并持续影响后续状态        """        # 获取当前时刻的索引        current_index = int(self.current_time_index)        # 切换开关状态        self.simulator.toggle_switch_at_time(current_index)        self.simulator.calculate_circuit_response(current_index)        # 更新按钮文本和命令        if self.manual_switch_button["text"] == "Close Circuit":            self.manual_switch_button["text"] = "Open Circuit"        else:            self.manual_switch_button["text"] = "Close Circuit"        # 更新整个图表，传递当前时间点的索引        self.update_plot(current_index)        self.canvas.draw_idle()    def start_simulation(self):        # 使用更现代且兼容的方式检测和控制动画状态        if self.ani is None:            self.ani = FuncAnimation(                fig=self.fig,                func=self.update_plot, #传递函数而非方法                 frames=len(t),                interval=200,                blit=True            )            self.canvas.draw_idle()        elif getattr(self.ani, '_is_running', False):  # 更改此处            self.ani.event_source.stop()            self.ani.event_source.start()        else:            self.ani.event_source.start()    def update_plot(self, frame):        self.simulator.calculate_circuit_response(frame)        time = t[frame]                V_circuit = self.simulator.VoltageOverTime[:frame+1]        I_circuit = self.simulator.CurrentOverTime[:frame+1]        self.V_line.set_data(t[:len(V_circuit)], V_circuit)        self.I_line.set_data(t[:len(I_circuit)], I_circuit)        self.axs[0].set_xlim(0, t_max)        self.axs[1].set_xlim(0, t_max)        self.axs[0].set_ylim(0, 20)        self.axs[1].set_ylim(0, 2)        print("Plot updated")  # 添加这行代码来确认图表是否被更新        print("Plot Voltage:", V_circuit[-1], "V")        return self.V_line, self.I_line# 创建并启动GUI应用if __name__ == "__main__":    app = CircuitSimulationGUI()    app.mainloop()

现在基本运行时没有问题，但是在逻辑上有些不对。
1、在点击模拟开关的按钮时，整体的电压电流从0时刻，而不是点击按钮时刻开始。
2、按钮无法实现电路的断开和闭合。

我曾经改动了在CircuitSimulator类中的calculate_circuit_response，CircuitSimulationGUI(tk.Tk)中的toggle_manual_switch以及update_plot，但都达不到理想的效果。也曾经到某四字字母网站求助，但是回答的都是GPT未经验证的答案。
希望获得效果如下图所示：

Answer 1

这种问题很赞

def toggle_manual_switch(self):    """    处理手动开关按钮点击事件，切换当前时刻的开关状态并持续影响后续状态    """    # 获取当前时刻的索引    current_index = int(self.current_time_index)  # FIXME: Q1.这个值没有更新过def update_plot(self, frame):    self.simulator.calculate_circuit_response(frame)    time = t[frame]    # FIXME: A1.这里更新一下    self.current_time_index = frame

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修改值不持久问题。能满足逻辑，但思想好像和你的不太一致，又不太想花太多时间了解你的意图。

def calculate_circuit_response(self, current_time_index):    # 检查当前时间点是否有开关切换发生    if current_time_index > self.previous_switch_time_index:        # 检查当前时间点的开关状态是否与前一时刻不同        if self.switch_states[current_time_index] != self.switch_states[current_time_index - 1]:            # self.previous_switch_state = self.switch_states[current_time_index]            self.previous_switch_state = not self.previous_switch_state  # TODO: 这块的值反正需要修改一下的            next_switch_index = current_time_index + np.argmax(                self.switch_states[current_time_index:] != self.switch_states[current_time_index])            if not self.previous_switch_state:                # 开关断开                self.VoltageOverTime[current_time_index:] = 0 # FIXME: VoltageOverTime 和 CurrentOverTime 的赋值有些问题，之前是只赋值一个点？                self.CurrentOverTime[current_time_index:] = 0            else:                # 开关闭合                self.VoltageOverTime[current_time_index:] = V_battery * np.ones_like(                    self.VoltageOverTime[current_time_index:])                self.CurrentOverTime[current_time_index:] = V_battery / R_load * np.ones_like(                    self.CurrentOverTime[current_time_index:])            # 更新上一次开关切换的时间索引            self.previous_switch_time_index = next_switch_index

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