C++重载运算符

Question

我试图重载结构中映射的运算符<<，但得到一个编译错误：

不存在从“std::_rb_tree_const_iterator >”到“std::_rb_tree_iterator >”的合适的用户定义转换

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<int, int>& neighbors)
{
    string res;
    map<int, int>::iterator it = neighbors.begin();
    stringstream ss;

    while (it != neighbors.end())
    {
        ss << "[id: " << it->first << " cost: " << it->second << "] ";
        it++;
    }
    return os << ss;
}

#pragma once

#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

struct LSA
{
    int id;
    int seqNum;
    map <int, int> neighbors;

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const LSA& lsa);
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<int, int>& neighbors);
};

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const LSA& lsa)
{
    return os << "[id: " << lsa.id << " seqNum: " << lsa.seqNum << " (" << lsa.neighbors.size() << " neighbors)";
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<int, int>& neighbors)
{
    string res;
    map<int, int>::iterator it = neighbors.begin();
    stringstream ss;

    while (it != neighbors.end())
    {
        ss << "[id: " << it->first << " cost: " << it->second << "] ";
        it++;
    }
    return os << ss;
}

Answer 1

您有一个const映射，因此begin返回一个const_iterator，而不是iterator。没有定义的运算符<<来接受StringStream作为第二个参数，因此使用其成员函数Str，如下所示

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map<int, int>& neighbors)
{
    string res;
    map<int, int>::const_iterator it = neighbors.cbegin();
    stringstream ss;

    while (it != neighbors.end())
    {
        ss << "[id: " << it->first << " cost: " << it->second << "] ";
        it++;
    }
    return os << ss.str();
}