重载JavaScript中的算术运算符？

Question

给定以下JavaScript“类”定义，这是我想到此问题的最佳方式：

var Quota = function(hours, minutes, seconds){
    if (arguments.length === 3) {
        this.hours = hours;
        this.minutes = minutes;
        this.seconds = seconds;

        this.totalMilliseconds = Math.floor((hours * 3600000)) + Math.floor((minutes * 60000)) + Math.floor((seconds * 1000));
    }
    else if (arguments.length === 1) {
        this.totalMilliseconds = hours;

        this.hours = Math.floor(this.totalMilliseconds / 3600000);
        this.minutes = Math.floor((this.totalMilliseconds % 3600000) / 60000);
        this.seconds = Math.floor(((this.totalMilliseconds % 3600000) % 60000) / 1000);
    }

    this.padL = function(val){
        return (val.toString().length === 1) ? "0" + val : val;
    };

    this.toString = function(){
        return this.padL(this.hours) + ":" + this.padL(this.minutes) + ":" + this.padL(this.seconds);
    };

    this.valueOf = function(){
        return this.totalMilliseconds;
    };
};

以及以下测试设置代码：

var q1 = new Quota(23, 58, 50);
var q2 = new Quota(0, 1, 0);
var q3 = new Quota(0, 0, 10);

console.log("Quota 01 is " + q1.toString());    // Prints "Quota 01 is 23:58:50"
console.log("Quota 02 is " + q2.toString());    // Prints "Quota 02 is 00:01:00"
console.log("Quota 03 is " + q3.toString());    // Prints "Quota 03 is 00:00:10"

有什么方法可以使用加法运算符隐式创建q4为Quota对象，如下所示…

var q4 = q1 + q2 + q3;
console.log("Quota 04 is " + q4.toString());    // Prints "Quota 04 is 86400000"

而不是求助于…

var q4 = new Quota(q1 + q2 + q3);
console.log("Quota 04 is " + q4.toString());    // Prints "Quota 04 is 24:00:00"

如果不是，那么在此领域中关于通过算术运算符使自定义数字JavaScript对象可组合的最佳实践建议是什么？

Answer 1

据我所知，JavaScript（至少现在已经存在）不支持运算符重载。

我能建议的最好的方法是使用一个类方法从其他几个对象中创建新的配额对象。这是我的意思的简单示例：

// define an example "class"
var NumClass = function(value){
    this.value = value;
}
NumClass.prototype.toInteger = function(){
    return this.value;
}

// Add a static method that creates a new object from several others
NumClass.createFromObjects = function(){
    var newValue = 0;
    for (var i=0; i<arguments.length; i++){
        newValue += arguments[i].toInteger();
    }
    return new this(newValue)
}

并像这样使用它：

var n1 = new NumClass(1);
var n2 = new NumClass(2);
var n3 = new NumClass(3);

var combined = NumClass.createFromObjects(n1, n2, n3);