我可以通过使用WatchKey注册cw来监视目录(网络上有很多例子),但是这个监视程序会捕捉到每一个事件。例如,在windows上,如果我监视d:/temp dir并创建一个新的。txt文件并将其重命名,我得到以下事件。
ENTRY_CREATE: d:\temp\test\New Text Document.txt
ENTRY_MODIFY: d:\temp\test
ENTRY_DELETE: d:\temp\test\New Text Document.txt
ENTRY_CREATE: d:\temp\test\test.txt
ENTRY_MODIFY: d:\temp\test
我想在创建或更新新文件时执行一个操作。但是,我不希望在上面的示例中该操作运行5次。
我的第一个想法:因为我只需要每隔一段时间运行一次操作(在这种情况下是推送到私有Git服务器)(例如,仅当监控目录发生更改时每10秒检查一次,然后才执行推送)我想拥有一个带有布尔参数的对象,我可以从单独的线程中获取和设置。
现在,这可以正常工作了(除非大师可以帮助我了解为什么这是一个糟糕的想法),问题是,如果在SendToGit线程的操作过程中捕获了一个文件事件,并且该操作完成,那么它会将“Found”参数设置为false。紧接着捕捉到另一个事件(如上例所示),它们将再次将“Found”参数设置为true。这并不理想,因为我将立即再次运行SendToGit操作,这将是不必要的。
我的第二个想法调查暂停检查MonitorFolder线程中的更改,直到SendToGit操作完成(即继续检查ChangesFinding参数是否已设置回false。当此参数为false时,再次开始检查更改。
问题
剩下的代码
变化基金会。JAVA
package com.acme;
public class ChangesFound {
private boolean found = false;
public boolean wereFound() {
return this.found;
}
public void setFound(boolean commitToGit) {
this.found = commitToGit;
}
}
在我的主应用程序中,我启动了两个线程。
以下是我启动线程的应用程序:
package com.acme;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
public class App {
private static ChangesFound chg;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String dirToMonitor = "D:/Temp";
boolean recursive = true;
chg = new ChangesFound();
Runnable r = new SendToGit(chg);
new Thread(r).start();
Path dir = Paths.get(dirToMonitor);
Runnable m = new MonitorFolder(chg, dir, recursive);
new Thread(m).start();
}
}
SendToGit.java
package com.acme;
public class SendToGit implements Runnable {
private ChangesFound changes;
public SendToGit(ChangesFound chg) {
changes = chg;
}
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
System.out.println(java.time.LocalDateTime.now() + " [SendToGit] waking up.");
if (changes.wereFound()) {
System.out.println("\t***** CHANGES FOUND push to Git.");
changes.setFound(false);
} else {
System.out.println("\t***** Nothing changed.");
}
}
}
}
MonitorFolder.java(为长时间的课程道歉,我只是在这里添加了这个,以防它对其他人有帮助。)
package com.acme;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import java.nio.file.FileVisitResult;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import static java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.SimpleFileVisitor;
import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE;
import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_DELETE;
import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY;
import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.OVERFLOW;
import java.nio.file.WatchEvent;
import java.nio.file.WatchKey;
import java.nio.file.WatchService;
import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class MonitorFolder implements Runnable {
private static WatchService watcher;
private static Map<WatchKey, Path> keys;
private static boolean recursive;
private static boolean trace = false;
private static boolean commitGit = false;
private static ChangesFound changes;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
static <T> WatchEvent<T> cast(WatchEvent<?> event) {
return (WatchEvent<T>) event;
}
/**
* Creates a WatchService and registers the given directory
*/
MonitorFolder(ChangesFound chg, Path dir, boolean rec) throws IOException {
changes = chg;
watcher = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService();
keys = new HashMap<WatchKey, Path>();
recursive = rec;
if (recursive) {
System.out.format("[MonitorFolder] Scanning %s ...\n", dir);
registerAll(dir);
System.out.println("Done.");
} else {
register(dir);
}
// enable trace after initial registration
this.trace = true;
}
/**
* Register the given directory with the WatchService
*/
private static void register(Path dir) throws IOException {
WatchKey key = dir.register(watcher, ENTRY_CREATE, ENTRY_DELETE, ENTRY_MODIFY);
if (trace) {
Path prev = keys.get(key);
if (prev == null) {
System.out.format("register: %s\n", dir);
} else {
if (!dir.equals(prev)) {
System.out.format("update: %s -> %s\n", prev, dir);
}
}
}
keys.put(key, dir);
}
/**
* Register the given directory, and all its sub-directories, with the
* WatchService.
*/
private static void registerAll(final Path start) throws IOException {
// register directory and sub-directories
Files.walkFileTree(start, new SimpleFileVisitor<Path>() {
@Override
public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs)
throws IOException {
register(dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
});
}
/**
* Process all events for keys queued to the watcher
*/
public void run() {
for (;;) {
// wait for key to be signalled
WatchKey key;
try {
key = watcher.take();
} catch (InterruptedException x) {
return;
}
Path dir = keys.get(key);
if (dir == null) {
System.err.println("WatchKey not recognized!!");
continue;
}
for (WatchEvent<?> event : key.pollEvents()) {
WatchEvent.Kind kind = event.kind();
// TBD - provide example of how OVERFLOW event is handled
if (kind == OVERFLOW) {
System.out.println("Something about Overflow");
continue;
}
// Context for directory entry event is the file name of entry
WatchEvent<Path> ev = cast(event);
Path name = ev.context();
Path child = dir.resolve(name);
// print out event and set ChangesFound object Found parameter to True
System.out.format("[MonitorFolder] " + java.time.LocalDateTime.now() + " - %s: %s\n", event.kind().name(), child);
changes.setFound(true);
// if directory is created, and watching recursively, then
// register it and its sub-directories
if (recursive && (kind == ENTRY_CREATE)) {
try {
if (Files.isDirectory(child, NOFOLLOW_LINKS)) {
registerAll(child);
}
} catch (IOException x) {
// ignore to keep sample readbale
}
}
}
// reset key and remove from set if directory no longer accessible
boolean valid = key.reset();
if (!valid) {
keys.remove(key);
// all directories are inaccessible
if (keys.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("keys.isEmpty");
break;
}
}
}
}
}
这两种策略都会导致问题,因为Watch服务非常冗长,在下游处理实际需要一两条消息时会发送许多消息,因此有时您可能会做不必要的工作或错过事件。
使用WatchService
时,您可以将多个通知整理在一起,并作为一个事件传递,列出一组最近的删除、创建和更新:
不要调用WatchService.take()
并对每条消息进行操作,而是使用WatchService.poll(timeout)
,并且只有在没有返回任何内容时,才会将之前的事件集的联合作为一个-而不是在每次成功轮询后单独进行。
将问题分解为两个组件更容易,这样下次需要时就不会重复WatchService代码:
此示例可能有助于说明-请参阅WatchExample
,它是一个管理器,用于设置注册,但向setListener
定义的回调传递的事件要少得多。您可以设置MonitorFolder
,比如WatchExample
,以减少发现的事件,并将您在SendToGit
中的代码设置为侦听器,通过聚合的文件更改集(删除、创建、更新)
按需调用。
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
final List<Path> dirs = Arrays.stream(args).map(Path::of).map(Path::toAbsolutePath).collect(Collectors.toList());
Kind<?> [] kinds = { StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_DELETE};
// Should launch WatchExample PER Filesystem:
WatchExample w = new WatchExample();
w.setListener(WatchExample::fireEvents);
for(Path dir : dirs)
w.register(kinds, dir);
// For 2 or more WatchExample use: new Thread(w[n]::run).start();
w.run();
}
public class WatchExample implements Runnable {
private final Set<Path> created = new LinkedHashSet<>();
private final Set<Path> updated = new LinkedHashSet<>();
private final Set<Path> deleted = new LinkedHashSet<>();
private volatile boolean appIsRunning = true;
// Decide how sensitive the polling is:
private final int pollmillis = 100;
private WatchService ws;
private Listener listener = WatchExample::fireEvents;
@FunctionalInterface
interface Listener
{
public void fileChange(Set<Path> deleted, Set<Path> created, Set<Path> modified);
}
WatchExample() {
}
public void setListener(Listener listener) {
this.listener = listener;
}
public void shutdown() {
System.out.println("shutdown()");
this.appIsRunning = false;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("run() START watch");
System.out.println();
try(WatchService autoclose = ws) {
while(appIsRunning) {
boolean hasPending = created.size() + updated.size() + deleted.size() > 0;
System.out.println((hasPending ? "ws.poll("+pollmillis+")" : "ws.take()")+" as hasPending="+hasPending);
// Use poll if last cycle has some events, as take() may block
WatchKey wk = hasPending ? ws.poll(pollmillis,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) : ws.take();
if (wk != null) {
for (WatchEvent<?> event : wk.pollEvents()) {
Path parent = (Path) wk.watchable();
Path eventPath = (Path) event.context();
storeEvent(event.kind(), parent.resolve(eventPath));
}
boolean valid = wk.reset();
if (!valid) {
System.out.println("Check the path, dir may be deleted "+wk);
}
}
System.out.println("PENDING: cre="+created.size()+" mod="+updated.size()+" del="+deleted.size());
// This only sends new notifications when there was NO event this cycle:
if (wk == null && hasPending) {
listener.fileChange(deleted, created, updated);
deleted.clear();
created.clear();
updated.clear();
}
}
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Watch was interrupted, sending final updates");
fireEvents(deleted, created, updated);
}
catch (IOException e) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
}
System.out.println("run() END watch");
}
public void register(Kind<?> [] kinds, Path dir) throws IOException {
System.out.println("register watch for "+dir);
// If dirs are from different filesystems WatchService will give errors later
if (this.ws == null) {
ws = dir.getFileSystem().newWatchService();
}
dir.register(ws, kinds);
}
/**
* Save event for later processing by event kind EXCEPT for:
* <li>DELETE followed by CREATE => store as MODIFY
* <li>CREATE followed by MODIFY => store as CREATE
* <li>CREATE or MODIFY followed by DELETE => store as DELETE
*/
private void
storeEvent(Kind<?> kind, Path path) {
System.out.println("STORE "+kind+" path:"+path);
boolean cre = false;
boolean mod = false;
boolean del = kind == StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_DELETE;
if (kind == StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE) {
mod = deleted.contains(path);
cre = !mod;
}
else if (kind == StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY) {
cre = created.contains(path);
mod = !cre;
}
addOrRemove(created, cre, path);
addOrRemove(updated, mod, path);
addOrRemove(deleted, del, path);
}
// Add or remove from the set:
private static void addOrRemove(Set<Path> set, boolean add, Path path) {
if (add) set.add(path);
else set.remove(path);
}
public static void fireEvents(Set<Path> deleted, Set<Path> created, Set<Path> modified) {
System.out.println();
System.out.println("fireEvents START");
for (Path path : deleted)
System.out.println(" DELETED: "+path);
for (Path path : created)
System.out.println(" CREATED: "+path);
for (Path path : modified)
System.out.println(" UPDATED: "+path);
System.out.println("fireEvents END");
System.out.println();
}
}
我们使用HiberNate作为JPA提供程序。当其中一个实体更新时,我需要对Quartz计划执行一些更新。目前,该代码是在该实体的更新方法中调用的。但是,Quartz更改只有在事务成功提交时才会生效。 我考虑过实现一个实体监听器,但是我只想在实体被特定方法修改时执行这些更新,并且我不确定JPA实体监听器是否支持依赖注入,我需要依赖注入来获取对Quartz调度器的引用。 有没有办法以编程方式附加活动
我知道这应该很简单,但是我想从熊猫数据框中取一列,并且只对满足某些条件(比如小于1)的条目乘以标量(比如2)。 例如,在这个数据框中, 如果我有兴趣在列上执行此操作,结果应该是 我有以下绝对任务: 但是我不知道如何使用中的实际值。 提前谢谢!
线程3:
我有一个方法,它迭代一个映射,对值执行一个操作,并填充一个要返回的映射。 我的问题是,我如何将其转换为Java8(执行不循环的操作)? 代码:
从API 21(Lollipop)开始,应用程序可以获得修改真实SD卡的特殊权限,如我写的历史发文所示(这里和这里)。 我可以删除文件,也可以创建文件,但我找不到执行其他基本文件操作的方法: 读,写,使用InputStream和OutputStream 移动文件。 创建一个文件夹而不仅仅是一个文件 重命名文件 获取文件信息(最近更新等) 通过其他应用程序共享/打开文件。 其他行动我可能已经忘记了。
我们正在对使用SpringBoot 2.2.2和Spring执行器的应用程序进行性能测试。 我们希望监控: 正在使用多少tomcat线程 有多少tomcat请求正在排队 正在使用多少个ThreadPoolTaskExector线程(我们将@Async与线程池一起用于某些任务) 执行器中是否提供此信息?我看不到需要使用哪些指标。