spring 3和JUnit 4（自动驾驶）

Question

我是spring MVC和JUnit的新手。基本上，我想自动连接服务类，这个类应该在spring上下文中加载。

服务

    @Service 
    public class FundService  {
        @Autowired
        FundDAO fundDAO;

        /**
         * @return
         */
        public List getFundDetails(String productId) {

            return fundDAO.getFundDetails(productId);
        }   
    }

应用程序-上下文

<beans>

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.test.*" />
</beans>

Junit类

    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:/WEB-INF/application-context.xml"})
    public class CompensationServiceTest {

        @Autowired
        private FundService fundService;

        @Test
        public void verifyGetCompensationList()
        {
            System.out.println(fundService == null);
        }
    }

在执行测试时，我将得到以下异常跟踪

    org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.test.admin.service.CompensationServiceTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.test.admin.service.FundService com.test.admin.service.CompensationServiceTest.fundService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.test.admin.service.FundService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:286)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1064)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:374)
        at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110)
        at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
        at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:333)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:220)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:301)
        at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:303)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240)
        at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
    Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.test.admin.service.FundService com.test.admin.service.CompensationServiceTest.fundService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.test.admin.service.FundService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:507)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:84)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:283)
        ... 26 more
    Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.test.admin.service.FundService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:903)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:772)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:686)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478)
        ... 28 more

Answer 1

有两种选择：

如果您使用@autowire,这意味着您正在为测试创建一个应用程序上下文,要实现这一点,有几个步骤；我想告诉你正确的方法，而不是告诉你怎么做。

由于您讨论的是单元测试，这意味着您要测试的类是孤立的，并且注入的依赖项必须是模拟的，下面是一个示例：

类：

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
public class CatalogRest {

    @Autowired
    private CatalogService catalogService;

    @Autowired
    private LoggedUser loggedUser;

    @RequestMapping(value = GET_VIEW_TYPE, method = POST)
    public ResponseEntity<List<ViewType>> getViewType() {

        List<ViewType> viewTypes = catalogService.getViewType(loggedUser.getUserId());
        return new ResponseEntity<List<ViewType>>(viewTypes, HttpStatus.OK);

    }

现在的测试是：

 @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class CatalogRestTest {

    @InjectMocks
    private CatalogRest subject;

    @Mock
    private CatalogService catalogService;

    @Mock
    private LoggedUser loggedUser;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void classAndItsMethodsHaveRequiredAnnotations() throws Exception {
        assertTrue(subject.getClass().isAnnotationPresent(RestController.class));
        assertTrue(subject.getClass().isAnnotationPresent(RequestMapping.class));

        Method getViewTypeMethod = subject.getClass().getMethod("getViewType");
        getViewTypeMethod.isAnnotationPresent(RequestMapping.class);
    }

    @Test
    public void getViewType_whenInvoked_returnsAListOfViewTypes() throws Exception {
        List<ViewType> viewTypes = Arrays.asList(new ViewType());

        when(loggedUser.getUserId()).thenReturn("fake user");
        when(catalogService.getViewType(eq("fake user"))).thenReturn(viewTypes);

        ResponseEntity<List<ViewType>> result = subject.getViewType();

        assertNotNull(result);
        assertNotNull(result.getBody());
        assertTrue(result.getBody().size() == 1);

        verify(catalogService, times(1)).getViewType(eq("fake user"));
    }

不要尝试使用spring进行单元测试，它只应用于集成测试。

Answer 2

首先，WEB-INF文件夹绝不应该在类路径中；它应该在项目的文件系统中。因此，如果您使用Maven项目结构，该文件夹将相对于项目的根目录（即src/main/webapp/web-inf)定位。在这种情况下,您需要将该文件夹中的XML配置文件声明为文件系统资源,如下所示：

@contextconfiguration（“file：src/main/webapp/web-inf/application-context.xml”）

其次，如果这是一个测试配置文件，您不应该将其存储在web-inf下。相反，您应该将其存储在类路径中。按照Maven项目结构，这将是src/test/resources/application-context.xml，在这种情况下，您将在测试中使用以下声明：

@contextconfiguration（“/application-context.xml”）

或

@contextconfiguration（“classpath：application-context.xml”）

…你喜欢哪一个都行，但请注意它们是等价的。

问候和感谢,

萨姆