PL / SQL触发器，用于在插入，更新，删除后按顺序将数据输入到日志表中

皮承基

2023-03-14

问题内容：

我正在处理家庭作业问题。我的触发器遇到编译问题，无法理解如何创建引用序列和另一个表的触发器，并将这些值插入到我创建的日志表中。我已经读到，在Table列条目上使用SERIALnot null可能会消除对序列和引用表的需要，但是我需要它才能完成我的作业。

我需要一些帮助来弄清楚如何触发我的触发器。我的序列中的绑定变量：NEW以及从另一个表插入的idpay值都存在问题。我不确定我的声明是否正确以及BEGIN语句之后的前两个语句是否正确，因为第一行被标记为编译错误。
我认为此示例正在发生某些事情，并且我在IF语句中缺少NULL值条目，但是不确定在我的编码中应该放置该部分的位置。

当然，关于触发器的Oracle
11g参考文档，我已经看过了，但是您也可以自己查看。

这是设置问题：1.使用捐赠数据库。该组织希望跟踪所有抵押付款活动。每次添加，更改或删除质押付款时，应在单独的表中捕获以下信息：用户名，当前日期，采取的措施（INSERT，UPDATE或DELETE）以及付款记录的idpay值。

创建一个名为DD_PAYTRACK的表来保存此信息。包括要由序列填充的主键列，并为主键列创建名为DD_PTRACK_SEQ的新序列。

创建一个触发器来记录请求的信息以跟踪质押付款活动，并针对idpay =
1470的所有操作类型测试触发器。通过使用SELECT语句显示DD_PAYTRACK表中的记录。

select * from dd_paytrack;

IDTRACK    PTUSER        PTDATE       PTACTION       PTPAYID                
4          AAX5367E220   10-DEC-12     INSERT        1470                   
5          AAX5367E220   10-DEC-12     UPDATE            1470                   
6          AAX5367E220   10-DEC-12     DELETE        1470

到目前为止，即使添加了这些Insert，Update和Delete语句，这也是我到目前为止所做的事情，它仍然返回Empty表，但是由于下面的答案，我已经修复了所建议的问题。

我已修复它，在编译触发器之后，我不得不添加自己的Update，Insert和Delete语句。现在效果很好。谢谢诺埃尔！*

DROP TABLE dd_paytrack;
DROP SEQUENCE idtrack_seq;

CREATE TABLE dd_paytrack(
idtrack         NUMBER,
pt_user         VARCHAR2(30),
pt_date         DATE,
pt_action       VARCHAR2(30),
pt_payid        NUMBER(6,0),
CONSTRAINT pk_dd_paytrack PRIMARY KEY (idtrack)
);

CREATE SEQUENCE idtrack_seq;

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER pledge_pay_trigger
  AFTER 
    INSERT OR 
    UPDATE OR 
    DELETE 
  ON dd_payment
  FOR EACH ROW  
DECLARE
  log_action  dd_paytrack.pt_action%TYPE; 
  id_pay      dd_paytrack.pt_payid%TYPE;    
BEGIN
id_pay := :NEW.idpay;
IF INSERTING THEN
log_action := 'Insert';
ELSIF UPDATING THEN
log_action := 'Update';
ELSIF DELETING THEN
id_pay := :OLD.idpay;
log_action := 'Delete';
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This code is not reachable.');
END IF;

INSERT INTO dd_paytrack (idtrack, pt_user, pt_date, pt_action, pt_payid)
  VALUES(idtrack_seq.NEXTVAL, USER, TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YY'), log_action,      
id_pay);

END pledge_pay_trigger;
/

INSERT INTO dd_payment(idpay, idpledge, payamt, paydate, paymethod)
VALUES (1470, 105, 250, SYSDATE, ‘CC’);
commit;

UPDATE dd_payment
SET payamt = 25
WHERE idpay = 1470;
commit;

UPDATE dd_payment 
SET payamt = 2000
WHERE idpay = 1470;
COMMIT;

DELETE 
FROM dd_payment
WHERE idpay = 1470;
COMMIT;

SET serveroutput ON
select * from dd_paytrack;

这是捐赠表方案，它针对我的家庭作业问题引用了dd_paytrack表。我对其进行了测试，并且在剪切和粘贴之后，该架构似乎可以正常工作。

-- The DoGood Donor Database 
-- A donor, who represents a person or company that has committed to make a donation to             
the DoGood organzation.

DROP TABLE dd_donor CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_project CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_status CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_pledge CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_payment CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
CREATE TABLE DD_Donor (
    idDonor number(4),
    Firstname varchar2(15),
    Lastname varchar2(30),
                  Typecode CHAR(1),
    Street varchar2(40),
    City varchar2(20),
    State char(2),
    Zip varchar2(9),
    Phone varchar2(10),
    Fax varchar2(10),
    Email varchar2(25),
                  News char(1),
    dtentered date DEFAULT SYSDATE,
    CONSTRAINT donor_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idDonor) );
CREATE TABLE DD_Project (
                   idProj number(6),
                   Projname varchar2(60),
                   Projstartdate DATE,
                   Projenddate DATE,
                   Projfundgoal number(12,2),
                   ProjCoord varchar2(20),
                   CONSTRAINT project_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idProj),
                   CONSTRAINT project_name_uk  UNIQUE (Projname)  );      
CREATE TABLE DD_Status (
                   idStatus number(2),
                   Statusdesc varchar2(15),
                   CONSTRAINT status_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idStatus) );     
CREATE TABLE DD_Pledge (
                   idPledge number(5),
                   idDonor number(4),
                   Pledgedate DATE,
                   Pledgeamt number(8,2),
                   idProj number(5),
                   idStatus number(2),
                   Writeoff number(8,2),
                   paymonths number(3),
                   Campaign number(4),
                   Firstpledge char(1),
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idPledge),
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_idDonor_fk FOREIGN KEY (idDonor)
                           REFERENCES dd_donor (idDonor), 
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_idProj_fk FOREIGN KEY (idProj)
                           REFERENCES dd_project (idProj),
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_idStatus_fk FOREIGN KEY (idStatus)
                           REFERENCES dd_status (idStatus));                   
CREATE TABLE DD_Payment (
                   idPay number(6),
                   idPledge number(5),
                   Payamt number(8,2),
                   Paydate DATE,
                   Paymethod char(2),
                   CONSTRAINT payment_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idPay),
                   CONSTRAINT pay_idpledge_fk FOREIGN KEY (idPledge)
                           REFERENCES dd_pledge (idPledge) );                   
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (301, 'Mary', 'Treanor', 'I','243 main St.', 'Norfolk',     
'VA','23510',NULL,NULL,'mtrea492@mdv.com','Y','01-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (302, 'Patrick', 'Lee', 'I','11 Hooper St.', 'Norfolk',     
'VA','23510','7572115445',NULL,'pleeNorf@gmail.com','N','09-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (303, 'Terry', 'Venor', 'I','556 Loop Lane.', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23320',NULL,NULL,'tervenr@drw.edu','Y','18-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (304, 'Sherry', 'Pane', 'I','Center Blvd.', 'Virginia Beach', 
'VA','23455',NULL,NULL,'toppane@yahoo.com','Y','21-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (305, 'Thomas', 'Sheer', 'I','66 Train St.', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23322','7579390022',NULL,'tls3488@sheer.com','Y','01-MAR-2013');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (306, NULL, 'Coastal Developers', 'B','3667 Shore Dr.', 'Virginia Beach', 
'VA','23450','8889220004',NULL,'coastVA@cdev.com','Y','30-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (307, NULL, 'VA Community Org', 'G','689 Bush Dr.', 'Norfolk', 
'VA','23513','7578337467','7578337468','vacmorg@biz.com','Y','03-OCT-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (308, 'Betty', 'Konklin', 'I','11 Shark Ln.', 'Virginia Beach', 
'VA','23455','7574550087',NULL,'shark11@cox.net','N','04-OCT-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (309, 'Jim', 'Tapp', 'I','200 Pine Tree Blvd.', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23320','',NULL,'','N','08-OCT-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (310, NULL, 'Unique Dezigns', 'B','Connect Circle Unit 12', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23320','7574442121',NULL,'UDezigns@cox.net','Y','11-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (500,'Elders Assistance League', '01-SEP-2012','31-OCT-2012',15000,'Shawn 
Hasee');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (501,'Community food pantry #21 freezer equipment', '01-OCT-2012','31-DEC-
2012',65000,'Shawn Hasee');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (502,'Lang Scholarship Fund', '01-JAN-2013','01-NOV-2013',100000,'Traci 
Brown');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (503,'Animal shelter Vet Connect Program', '01-DEC-2012','30-MAR-
2013',25000,'Traci Brown');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (504,'Shelter Share Project 2013', '01-FEB-2013','31-JUL-2013',35000,'Traci 
Brown');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (10,'Open');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (20,'Complete');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (30,'Overdue');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (40,'Closed');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (50,'Hold');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (100,303,'18-SEP-2012',80,500,20,NULL,0,738,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (101,304,'21-SEP-2012',35,500,20,NULL,0,738,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (102,310,'01-OCT-2012',500,501,20,NULL,0,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (103,307,'03-OCT-2012',2000,501,20,NULL,0,749,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (104,308,'04-OCT-2012',240,501,10,NULL,12,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (105,309,'08-OCT-2012',120,501,10,NULL,12,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (106,301,'12-OCT-2012',75,500,20,NULL,0,738,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (107,302,'15-OCT-2012',1200,501,10,NULL,24,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (108,308,'20-JAN-2013',480,503,10,NULL,24,790,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (109,301,'01-FEB-2013',360,503,10,NULL,12,790,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (110,303,'01-MAR-2013',300,504,10,NULL,12,756,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (111,306,'01-MAR-2013',1500,504,20,NULL,0,756,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (112,309,'16-MAR-2013',240,504,10,NULL,12,756,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1425,100,80,'18-SEP-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1426,101,35,'21-SEP-2012','DC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1427,102,500,'01-OCT-2012','CH');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1428,103,2000,'03-OCT-2012','CH');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1429,106,75,'12-OCT-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1430,104,20,'01-NOV-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1431,105,10,'01-NOV-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1432,107,50,'01-NOV-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1433,104,20,'01-DEC-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1434,105,10,'01-DEC-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
  VALUES (1435,107,50,'01-DEC-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1436,104,20,'01-JAN-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1437,105,10,'01-JAN-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1438,107,50,'01-JAN-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1439,104,20,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1440,105,10,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1441,107,50,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1442,108,20,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1443,109,30,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1444,104,20,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1445,105,10,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1446,107,50,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1447,108,20,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1448,109,30,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1449,110,25,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1450,111,1500,'01-MAR-2013','CH');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1451,104,20,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1452,105,10,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1453,107,50,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1454,108,20,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1455,109,30,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1456,110,25,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1457,112,20,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1458,104,20,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1459,105,10,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1460,107,50,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1461,108,20,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1462,109,30,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1463,110,25,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1464,112,20,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
COMMIT;

问题答案：

由于您在insert语句中使用序列值，

   INSERT INTO dd_paytrack
           (idtrack, pt_user, pt_date,
            pt_action, pt_payid
           )
    VALUES (idtrack_seq.NEXTVAL, USER, TO_CHAR (SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YY'),
            log_action, id_pay
           );

无需如下选择。

SELECT idtrack_seq.NEXTVAL
 INTO :NEW.idtrack
 FROM DUAL;

另外，您在此行中错过了一个冒号，

      id_pay := :OLD.idpay;

编辑：还有一件事，触发器中没有DBMS_OUTPUT语句是没有意义的。由于您不会看到它，即使执行达到了它也是如此。

PL / SQL触发器，用于在插入，更新，删除后按顺序将数据输入到日志表中

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