Android 代码覆盖指南
- 硬件要求:Android 覆盖率需要使用模拟器或者 root 过的机器。
- 你需要使用UiAutomator2构建你的应用。也就是说,你要在你的Android项目中实现Instrumentation的子类。Instrumentation将实现对代码覆盖情况的收集。
- 由于Instrumentation的数据存在于内存中,因此你还需要实现一个BroadCastReceiver,用于在Instrumentation结束时将Instrument结果输出到手机存储器的文件中。
项目结构
你的项目需要看起来类似如下的结构
src/main/java/com/example/pkg
|____ MainActivity.java 你的主Activity
|____ InstrumentActivityListener.java 自定义的用于实现覆盖率导出到文件的接口
|____ InstrumentActivity.java 专门用于覆盖率调试的Activity,你也可以直接用MainActivity。它将包含一个InstrumentActivityListener,并且在Activity结束时调用这个Listener以导出覆盖率。你在调试时可以使用
|____ JacocoInstrumentation.java 你自己的Instrumentation文件,必须实现InstrumentActivityListener
|____ EndEmmaBroadCast.java 用于接受结束信号广播的接收器,它将调用InstrumentActivityListener并导出覆盖率。
你在配置Caps时要做如下设置
* automationName : uiautomator2
(无视大小写)
* androidCoverage : {package}/{instrumentation class}, 在我们的例子中是com.example.pkg/com.example.pkg.JacocoInstrumentation
* appWaitActivity : 用作Insutrment的Activity的全名,在我们的例子中是com.example.pkg.InstrumentActivity * appWaitPackage : {package},在我们的例子中是com.example.pkg
* androidCoverageEndIntent : 用作将当前coverage输出至文件中的BroadCasterReceiver的Action名,在我们的例子中是 com.example.pkg.END_EMMA
工作原理
Appium 会用类似的命令启动应用:adb shell am instrument -e coverage true -w com.example.pkg/com.example.pkg.JacocoInstrumentation
在测试完成后,会用adb shell am broadcast -a com.example.pkg.END_EMMA
使覆盖率可以被收集(前提是你亲自实现它)
例子:实现流程
[1] Appium测试项目 - 设置Caps
请参考 『项目结构』 -> 『你在配置Caps时要做如下设置』
[2] Android项目 - AndroidManifest.xml
在 AndroidManifest.xml
里定义 instrumentation 和 broadcast 接收器。
<instrumentation
android:name="com.example.pkg.instrumentation.JacocoInstrumentation"
android:targetPackage="com.example.pkg" >
</instrumentation>
<!-- adb shell am broadcast -a com.example.pkg.END_EMMA -->
<receiver android:name="com.example.pkg.EndEmmaBroadcast" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.pkg.END_EMMA" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
接下来,编写 EndEmmaBroadcast.java
:
package com.example.pkg;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Process;
// adb shell am broadcast -a com.example.pkg.END_EMMA
public class EndEmmaBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver {
InstrumentActivityListener activityListener;
public void setInstrumentActivityListener(InstrumentActivityListener listener){
this.activityListener = listener;
}
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if(this.activityListener!=null){
activityListener.onActivityEnd();
}
// once coverage is dumped, the processes is ended.
Process.killProcess(Process.myPid());
}
}
之后,编写 JacocoInstrumentation.java
:
package com.example.pkg;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Instrumentation;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.util.Log;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
public class JacocoInstrumentation extends Instrumentation implements InstrumentActivityListener {
public static String TAG = "JacocoInstrumentation:";
private static String DEFAULT_COVERAGE_FILE_PATH = null;
private final Bundle mResults = new Bundle();
private Intent mIntent;
private static final boolean LOGD = true;
private boolean mCoverage = true;
private String mCoverageFilePath;
public JacocoInstrumentation() {
}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle arguments) {
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate(" + arguments + ")");
super.onCreate(arguments);
// bad notation, better use NAME+TimeSeed because you might generate more than 1 corage file
DEFAULT_COVERAGE_FILE_PATH = getContext().getFilesDir().getPath().toString() + "/coverage.ec";
File file = new File(DEFAULT_COVERAGE_FILE_PATH);
if(!file.exists()){
try{
file.createNewFile();
}catch (IOException e){
Log.d(TAG,"File Exception :"+e);
e.printStackTrace();}
}
if(arguments != null) {
mCoverageFilePath = arguments.getString("coverageFile");
}
mIntent = new Intent(getTargetContext(), InstrumentActivity.class);
mIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
start();
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
Looper.prepare();
// Register broadcast receiver and start InstrumentActivity
InstrumentActivity activity = (InstrumentActivity) startActivitySync(mIntent);
EndEmmaBroadcast broadcast = new EndEmmaBroadcast();
activity.setInstrumentActivityListener(this);
broadcast.setInstrumentActivityListener(this);
activity.registerReceiver(broadcast, new IntentFilter("com.example.pkg.END_EMMA"));
}
private String getCoverageFilePath() {
if (mCoverageFilePath == null) {
return DEFAULT_COVERAGE_FILE_PATH;
} else {
return mCoverageFilePath;
}
}
private void generateCoverageReport() {
Log.d(TAG, "generateCoverageReport():" + getCoverageFilePath());
OutputStream out = null;
try {
out = new FileOutputStream(getCoverageFilePath(), false);
Object agent = Class.forName("org.jacoco.agent.rt.RT")
.getMethod("getAgent")
.invoke(null);
out.write((byte[]) agent.getClass().getMethod("getExecutionData", boolean.class)
.invoke(agent, false));
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(TAG, e.toString(), e);
} finally {
if (out != null) {
try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Override
public void onActivityEnd() {
if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "onActivityFinished()");
if (mCoverage) {
generateCoverageReport();
}
finish(Activity.RESULT_OK, mResults);
}
}
之后是InstrumentActivityListener.java
package com.example.pkg;
public interface InstrumentActivityListener {
void onActivityEnd();
}
可选的 InstrumentActivity.java
package com.example.pkg;
import android.app.Instrumentation;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
public class InstrumentActivity extends MainActivity {
public static String TAG = "IntrumentedActivity";
private InstrumentActivityListener listener;
public void setInstrumentActivityListener(InstrumentActivityListener listener) {
this.listener = listener;
}
// Generate output report when the activity is destroyed
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy()");
super.finish();
if (listener != null) {
listener.onActivityEnd();
}
}
}
最后,最重要的是gradle
:
....
apply plugin: 'jacoco' // add plugin for jacoco
...
android {
...
defaultConfig {
...
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
...
}
debug{
testCoverageEnabled = true
}
}
}
dependencies {
...
//uiautomator
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.0'
}
[3] 现在,你可以构建apk,并拿来跑你的自动测试吧!!
测试完成后,就会在/data/data/com.example.pkg/files中生成coverage.ec文件,将其pull出。
[4] 关于拉出HTML报告
当你跑完测试后,程序会在你手机的app里产生coverage.ec这样的文件。 * [1] 首先,利用adb pull把coverage.ec拉出手机 * [2] 关于如何把ec转化成HTML,你可以在gradle里加入下列task:
def coverageSourceDirs = [
'./src/main/java'
]
task jacocoTestReport(type: JacocoReport) {
group = "Reporting"
description = "Generate Jacoco coverage reports after running tests."
reports {
xml.enabled = true
html.enabled = true
}
classDirectories = fileTree(
dir: './build/intermediates/classes/debug',
excludes: ['**/R*.class',
'**/*$InjectAdapter.class',
'**/*$ModuleAdapter.class',
'**/*$ViewInjector*.class'
])
sourceDirectories = files(coverageSourceDirs)
// NOTE: Put your ec file here
executionData = files("SOME PATH/coverage.ec")
doFirst {
new File("$buildDir/intermediates/classes/").eachFileRecurse { file ->
if (file.name.contains('$$')) {
file.renameTo(file.path.replace('$$', '$'))
}
}
}
}