Locale & i18n

优质

小牛编辑

129浏览

2023-12-01

Installation and configuration of locales.

Locale installation

This chapter describes the installation of locales in SliTaz GNU/Linux from a SliTaz GNU/Linux host system. The installation of locales contained in the X server are described in the chapter X window system. The various files copied in this chapter come from the compiliation package glibc-2.3.6 forming part of the toolchain.

Various file directories

We begin by creating the directories that contain libraries and files relevant to the different locales. The directory LC_MESSAGES contains the files for the translated messages (.mo), if they exist:

 # mkdir -p rootfs/usr/share/{i18n,locale}
 # mkdir -p rootfs/usr/lib/{locale,gconv}
 # mkdir -p rootfs/usr/share/i18n/{charmaps,locales}
 # mkdir -p rootfs/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES

Copy the localization files for French, Swiss-French and Swiss-German in /usr/share/i18n/locales:

 # cp -a /usr/share/i18n/locales/{de_CH,fr_CH,fr_FR,i18n,iso14651_t1} \
   rootfs/usr/share/i18n/locales

Copy the translit_* files in /usr/share/i18n/locales:

 # cp -a /usr/share/i18n/locales/{translit_circle,translit_cjk_compat} \
   rootfs/usr/share/i18n/locales
 # cp -a /usr/share/i18n/locales/{translit_combining,translit_compat} \
   rootfs/usr/share/i18n/locales   
 # cp -a /usr/share/i18n/locales/{translit_font,translit_fraction} \
   rootfs/usr/share/i18n/locales
 # cp -a /usr/share/i18n/locales/{translit_narrow,translit_neutral} \
   rootfs/usr/share/i18n/locales
 # cp -a /usr/share/i18n/locales/{translit_small,translit_wide} \
   rootfs/usr/share/i18n/locales

Copy the charmaps files in /usr/share/i18n/charmaps:

 # cp -a /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/ANSI_X3.* rootfs/usr/share/i18n/charmaps
 # cp -a /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/{ISO-8859-1.gz,ISO-8859-2.gz,ISO-8859-15.gz} \
   rootfs/usr/share/i18n/charmaps

Copy the gconv libraries in /usr/lib/gconv to rootfs of SliTaz:

 # cp /usr/lib/gconv/{ANSI_X3.110.so,gconv-modules,UNICODE.so} \
   rootfs/usr/lib/gconv
 # cp /usr/lib/gconv/{ISO8859-1.so,ISO8859-2.so,ISO8859-15.so} \
   rootfs/usr/lib/gconv
 # strip -v rootfs/usr/lib/gconv/*.so

Copy the locale utility:

 # cp /usr/bin/locale rootfs/usr/bin

It's necessary that the file /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive is generated, for that we use the localedef utility while chrooted in SliTaz:

 # cp /usr/bin/localedef rootfs/usr/bin
 # chroot rootfs /bin/ash

Use of localedef for French-speaking Switzerland and France:

 /# localedef -i fr_CH -f ISO-8859-1 fr_CH
 /# localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
 /# exit

You can delete the localedef binary to gain some space:

 # rm rootfs/usr/bin/localedef

Config and use of locale

To use a language in a session, you can create a script launched at boot, or add 2 lines to the ~/.profile specific to each user with:

export LANG=fr_CH
export LC_ALL=fr_CH

Voilà, the French language should now function If you installed retawq or nano, you can check the performance of locales by copying the .mo files in the sources of Retawq or Nano to /usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES.

Following chapter

SliTaz uses the /etc/init.d/i18n.sh script and the /etc/locale.conf configuration file to manage the system locale. This is detailed in the next chapter Boot scripts. On a working system, just modify /etc/locale.conf with a text editor or launch ‘tazlocale’ to change the default system locale OR to specify the language as a boot option: lang=xx.