24、类常量

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2023-12-01

一个常量由大写字母开头.它应最多被赋值一次.在Ruby的当前版本中,常量的再赋值只会产生警告而不是错误(non-ANSI版的eval.rb不会报告这一警告)

ruby>fluid=30
   30
ruby>fluid=31
   31
ruby>Solid=32
   32
ruby>Solid=33
   (eval):1: warning: already initialized constant Solid
   33

常量可以定义在类里,但不像实变量,它们可以在类的外部访问.

ruby> class ConstClass
    |   C1=101
    |   C2=102
    |   C3=103
    |   def show
    |     print C1," ",C2," ",C3,"\n"
    |   end
    | end
   nil
ruby> C1
ERR: (eval):1: uninitialized constant C1
ruby> ConstClass::C1
   101
ruby> ConstClass.new.show
101 102 103
   nil

常量也可以定义在模块里.

ruby> module ConstModule
    |   C1=101
    |   C2=102
    |   C3=103
    |   def showConstants
    |     print C1," ",C2," ",C3,"\n"
    |   end
    | end
   nil
ruby> C1
ERR: (eval):1: uninitialized constant C1
ruby> include ConstModule
   Object
ruby> C1
   101
ruby> showConstants
101 102 103
   nil
ruby> C1=99  # not really a good idea
   99
ruby> C1
   99
ruby> ConstModule::C1  # the module's constant is undisturbed ...
   101
ruby> ConstModule::C1=99 
ERR: (eval):1: compile error
(eval):1: parse error
ConstModule::C1=99
                ^
ruby> ConstModule::C1  # .. regardless of how we tamper with it.
   101