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2023-12-01

枚举类型（Enum Type）

枚举类型是一种特殊的数据类型，使一个变量是一组预定义的常量。变量必须等于已预先定义的值之一。常见的例子包括罗盘方向（ NORTH, SOUTH, EAST 和 WEST）和星期几。

使用关键字 enum ，下面是一个星期几的枚举列子:

public enum Day {
    SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,
    THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY 
}

使用枚举类型，需要一组固定的常数。这包括自然枚举类型，如在我们的太阳系的行星，菜单上的选项，命令行标志，等等。

下面是一些代码，展示如何使用上面定义的 Day 枚举：

class EnumTest {
    Day day;
    public EnumTest(Day day) {
        this.day = day;
    }
    public void tellItLikeItIs() {
        switch (day) {
            case MONDAY:
                System.out.println("Mondays are bad.");
                break;
            case FRIDAY:
                System.out.println("Fridays are better.");
                break;
            case SATURDAY: case SUNDAY:
                System.out.println("Weekends are best.");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("Midweek days are so-so.");
                break;
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EnumTest firstDay = new EnumTest(Day.MONDAY);
        firstDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest thirdDay = new EnumTest(Day.WEDNESDAY);
        thirdDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest fifthDay = new EnumTest(Day.FRIDAY);
        fifthDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest sixthDay = new EnumTest(Day.SATURDAY);
        sixthDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest seventhDay = new EnumTest(Day.SUNDAY);
        seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs();
    }
}

输出为：

Mondays are bad.
Midweek days are so-so.
Fridays are better.
Weekends are best.
Weekends are best.

下面是一个 Planet 示例，展示了枚举值的 for-each 遍历：

public enum Planet {
    MERCURY (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6),
    VENUS   (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6),
    EARTH   (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6),
    MARS    (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6),
    JUPITER (1.9e+27,   7.1492e7),
    SATURN  (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7),
    URANUS  (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7),
    NEPTUNE (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7);
    private final double mass;   // in kilograms
    private final double radius; // in meters
    Planet(double mass, double radius) {
        this.mass = mass;
        this.radius = radius;
    }
    private double mass() { return mass; }
    private double radius() { return radius; }
    // universal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
    public static final double G = 6.67300E-11;
    double surfaceGravity() {
        return G * mass / (radius * radius);
    }
    double surfaceWeight(double otherMass) {
        return otherMass * surfaceGravity();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        if (args.length != 1) {
            System.err.println("Usage: java Planet <earth_weight>");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        double earthWeight = Double.parseDouble(args[0]);
        double mass = earthWeight/EARTH.surfaceGravity();
        for (Planet p : Planet.values())
           System.out.printf("Your weight on %s is %f%n",
                             p, p.surfaceWeight(mass));
    }
}

在命令行，输入参数为 175 时，
输出如下：

$ java Planet 175
Your weight on MERCURY is 66.107583
Your weight on VENUS is 158.374842
Your weight on EARTH is 175.000000
Your weight on MARS is 66.279007
Your weight on JUPITER is 442.847567
Your weight on SATURN is 186.552719
Your weight on URANUS is 158.397260
Your weight on NEPTUNE is 199.207413