1.8.1.2 Copper

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2023-12-01

首先获取火狐插件Copper (Cu) CoAP user-agent Copper是一个用于浏览物联网Coap的嵌入式网络设备管理工具。集成到Web浏览器，更直观的调试COAP设备。更多信息参见 Copper page。

实验用到两个节点：边界路由器（Border Router）和Coap server 节点。

If you are using the Z1 motes, ensure that the motes you will be using to test this (border router, server, client) have been flashed with a node ID to generate the MAC/IPv6 addresses as done in previous sessions, be sure to write down the addresses! Another thing, if you get an error like the following, go to platform/z1/contiki-conf.h and change UIP_CONF_BUFFER_SIZE to 240:

make: * [obj_z1/er-coap-07-engine.o] Error 1

在Makefile中我们可以看到：资源文件添加到工程路径，所有资源文件编译加入。

REST_RESOURCES_DIR = ./resources
REST_RESOURCES_FILES = $(notdir $(shell find $(REST_RESOURCES_DIR) -name '*.c' ! -
name 'res-plugtest*'))
PROJECTDIRS += $(REST_RESOURCES_DIR)
PROJECT_SOURCEFILES += $(REST_RESOURCES_FILES)

包含er-coap和rest-engine应用程序。

APPS += er-coap APPS += rest-engine

删除以下内容，以避免冲突：

接下来检查project-conf.h相关配置。由于 CoAP是基于UDP，首先确保禁用TCP。 / Disabling TCP on CoAP nodes. /

REST_MAX_CHUNK_SIZE定义供资源响应的最大缓冲区大小。更大的数据由资源来处理，并由COAP块发送。COAP_MAX_OPEN_TRANSACTIONS定义节点能够处理的公开事务的最大值。 / Increase rpl-border-router IP-buffer when using more than 64. /

/ Multiplies with chunk size, be aware of memory constraints. /

/ Filtering .well-known/core per query can be disabled to save space. /

/ Enable client-side support for COAP observe /

CoAP Server

下面分析er-example-server.c，看看是如何实现Coap server。首先要注意资源文件夹。为了方便调试和维护，在不同的文件中实现资源。 COAP服务器包含的资源可声明如下： extern resource_t res_hello, res_mirror, res_chunks, res_separate, res_push, res_event, res_sub, res_b1_sep_b2;

extern resource_t res_leds, res_toggle;

extern resource_t res_battery;

extern resource_t res_radio;

PLATFORM_HAS_X硬件资源依赖于目标平台，如果平台启用，就可以获取到相关资源。调用rest_init_engine()初始化REST引擎，并激活资源： / Initialize the REST engine. / rest_init_engine(); /*

Bind the resources to their Uri-Path.
WARNING: Activating twice only means alternate path, not two instances!
All static variables are the same for each URI path. / rest_activate_resource(&res_hello, "test/hello"); rest_activate_resource(&res_push, "test/push"); rest_activate_resource(&res_event, "sensors/button"); / rest_activate_resource(&res_toggle, "actuators/toggle"); (...) 现在我们分析RES-hello.c如何实现测试的资源“Hello World”。 RESOURCE宏定义资源，这里指定资源名称res_hello，我们执行指定资源名称为res_hello，链接格式属性和GET回调函数。资源不支持POST，PUT和DELETE方法，所以参数作为空。 RESOURCE(res_hello, "title=\"Hello world: ?len=0..\";rt=\"Text\"", res_get_handler, NULL, NULL, NULL); GET请求事件回调res_get_handler： //

1.应答帧默认长度，这里只发送Hello World!字符串 2.如果指定了len选项，则发送消息字符串长度字节数 3.如果该值为负，送一个空字符串 4.如果len大于允许的最大值，那么我们只能发送最大默认lenght值。 5.复制默认长度。 6.设置响应消息内容类型为Content-Type：text / plain 7.附加帧头到响应消息，设置有效载荷长度域。 8.附加有效载荷到响应消息

在project-conf.h文件中添加以下内容：

编译下载 cd examples/er-rest-example/ make TARGET=zoul savetarget make er-example-server.upload && make login 记下Coap服务器IPv6地址。下面将另一个节点配置成边界路由器： Border-Router cd ../ipv6/rpl-border-router/ make TARGET=z1 savetarget make border-router.upload && make connect-router 或者 make TARGET=zoul savetarget && make border-router.upload && make connect-router 不要关闭此窗口！等节点连接后，现在你会看到如下输出： SLIP started on /dev/ttyUSB0'' opened tun device/dev/tun0'' ifconfig tun0 inet hostname up ifconfig tun0 add aaaa::1/64 ifconfig tun0 add fe80::0:0:0:1/64 ifconfig tun0 tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:127.0.1.1 P-t-P:127.0.1.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: fe80::1/64 Scope:Link inet6 addr: aaaa::1/64 Scope:Global UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Rime started with address 193.12.0.0.0.0.3.229 MAC c1:0c:00:00:00:00:03:e5 Contiki-2.5-release-681-gc5e9d68 started. Node id is set to 997. CSMA nullrdc, channel check rate 128 Hz, radio channel 26 Tentative link-local IPv6 address fe80:0000:0000:0000:c30c:0000:0000:03e5 Starting 'Border router process' 'Web server' Address:aaaa::1 => aaaa:0000:0000:0000 Got configuration message of type P Setting prefix aaaa:: Server IPv6 addresses: aaaa::c30c:0:0:3e5 fe80::c30c:0:0:3e5 ping测试边界路由器的连接 ping6 aaaa:0000:0000:0000:c30c:0000:0000:03e5 PING aaaa:0000:0000:0000:c30c:0000:0000:03e5(aaaa::c30c:0:0:3e5) 56 data bytes 64 bytes from aaaa::c30c:0:0:3e5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=21.0 ms 64 bytes from aaaa::c30c:0:0:3e5: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=19.8 ms 64 bytes from aaaa::c30c:0:0:3e5: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=22.2 ms 64 bytes from aaaa::c30c:0:0:3e5: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=20.7 ms 等Coap server节点连接到边界路由器后，ping Coap server节点 ping6 aaaa:0000:0000:0000:c30c:0000:0000:0001 PING aaaa:0000:0000:0000:c30c:0000:0000:0001(aaaa::c30c:0:0:1) 56 data bytes 64 bytes from aaaa::c30c:0:0:1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=40.3 ms 64 bytes from aaaa::c30c:0:0:1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=34.2 ms 64 bytes from aaaa::c30c:0:0:1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=35.7 ms 下面我们可以开始发现服务器资源，打开Firefox和键入服务器地址 coap://[aaaa::c30c:0000:0000:0001]:5683/ 点击DISCOVER按钮，左侧页面将显示有效的资源。选中toggle资源并点击POST，你可以看到服务器节点的红色LED状态翻转。如果你选择Sensors → Button事件，然后单击OBSERVE，每次触发用户按钮事件都会产生报告。最后，如果在er-example-server.c使能以下定义，可以获得更多的可用资源：

#define REST_RES_HELLO 1
#define REST_RES_SEPARATE 1
#define REST_RES_PUSHING 1
#define REST_RES_EVENT 1
#define REST_RES_SUB 1
#define REST_RES_LEDS 1
#define REST_RES_TOGGLE 1
#define REST_RES_BATTERY 1
#define REST_RES_RADIO 1

而现在获得收发器的当前RSSI强度。 coap://[aaaa::c30c:0000:0000:0001]:5683/sensor/radio?p=rssi 读取电池电压值 coap://[aaaa::c30c:0000:0000:0001]:5683/sensors/battery 最后返回节点连接到USB时ADC值，实际值毫伏为 V [mV] = (units * 5000)/4096 如果想打开绿色LED灯，浏览器输入，并点击POST 或PUT： coap://[aaaa::c30c:0000:0000:0001]:5683/actuators/leds?color=g 成功后在运行栏显示负载 mode="on"