Client and Server

This section is for those looking to implement their own ABCI Server, perhaps in a new programming language.

You are expected to have read ABCI Methods and Types and ABCI Applications.

Message Protocol

The message protocol consists of pairs of requests and responses defined in the protobuf file.

Some messages have no fields, while others may include byte-arrays, strings, integers, or custom protobuf types.

For more details on protobuf, see the documentation.

For each request, a server should respond with the corresponding response, where the order of requests is preserved in the order of responses.

Server Implementations

To use ABCI in your programming language of choice, there must be a ABCI server in that language. Tendermint supports three implementations of the ABCI, written in Go:

• In-process (Golang only)
• ABCI-socket
• GRPC

The latter two can be tested using the abci-cli by setting the --abci flag appropriately (ie. to socket or grpc).

See examples, in various stages of maintenance, in Go, JavaScript, Python, C++, and Java.

In Process

The simplest implementation uses function calls within Golang. This means ABCI applications written in Golang can be compiled with TendermintCore and run as a single binary.

GRPC

If GRPC is available in your language, this is the easiest approach, though it will have significant performance overhead.

To get started with GRPC, copy in the protobuf file and compile it using the GRPC plugin for your language. For instance, for golang, the command is protoc --go_out=plugins=grpc:. types.proto. See the grpc documentation for more details. protoc will autogenerate all the necessary code for ABCI client and server in your language, including whatever interface your application must satisfy to be used by the ABCI server for handling requests.

Note the length-prefixing used in the socket implementation (TSP) does not apply for GRPC.

TSP

Tendermint Socket Protocol is an asynchronous, raw socket server which provides ordered message passing over unix or tcp. Messages are serialized using Protobuf3 and length-prefixed with a signed Varint

If GRPC is not available in your language, or you require higher performance, or otherwise enjoy programming, you may implement your own ABCI server using the Tendermint Socket Protocol. The first step is still to auto-generate the relevant data types and codec in your language using protoc. In addition to being proto3 encoded, messages coming over the socket are length-prefixed to facilitate use as a streaming protocol. proto3 doesn't have an official length-prefix standard, so we use our own. The first byte in the prefix represents the length of the Big Endian encoded length. The remaining bytes in the prefix are the Big Endian encoded length.

For example, if the proto3 encoded ABCI message is 0xDEADBEEF (4 bytes), the length-prefixed message is 0x0104DEADBEEF. If the proto3 encoded ABCI message is 65535 bytes long, the length-prefixed message would be like 0x02FFFF....

The benefit of using this varint encoding over the old version (where integers were encoded as <len of len><big endian len> is that it is the standard way to encode integers in Protobuf. It is also generally shorter.

As noted above, this prefixing does not apply for GRPC.

An ABCI server must also be able to support multiple connections, as Tendermint uses three connections.

Async vs Sync

The main ABCI server (ie. non-GRPC) provides ordered asynchronous messages. This is useful for DeliverTx and CheckTx, since it allows Tendermint to forward transactions to the app before it's finished processing previous ones.

Thus, DeliverTx and CheckTx messages are sent asynchronously, while all other messages are sent synchronously.

Client

There are currently two use-cases for an ABCI client. One is a testing tool, as in the abci-cli, which allows ABCI requests to be sent via command line. The other is a consensus engine, such as Tendermint Core, which makes requests to the application every time a new transaction is received or a block is committed.

It is unlikely that you will need to implement a client. For details of our client, see here.