ns3网络仿真的数据分析与统计

郎献

2023-12-01

ns3网络仿真的数据分析与统计

平均时延与包投递率

写在前面：

本文所用到的工具安装
- 数据处理工具gawk：sudo apt-get install gawk
- 绘图工具gnuplot：sudo apt-get install Gnuplot
根据仿真数据的来源不同，数据分析脚本（.awk文件）的编写会有区别
数据来源一般有三种：日志组件终端打印信息；ASCII文件（.tr）；pcap文件
终端所在目录：ns-allinone-3.32/ns-3.32/

利用应用程序的客户端与服务器端日志组件终端打印信息

生成仿真数据并处理（以ns3自带例程third.cc为例）

仿真源文件（文件third.cc）

/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */

#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-module.h"
#include "ns3/csma-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/yans-wifi-helper.h"
#include "ns3/ssid.h"

// Default Network Topology
//
//   Wifi 10.1.3.0
//                 AP
//  *    *    *    *
//  |    |    |    |    10.1.1.0
// n5   n6   n7   n0 -------------- n1   n2   n3   n4
//                   point-to-point  |    |    |    |
//                                   ================
//                                     LAN 10.1.2.0

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("ThirdScriptExample");

int 
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  bool verbose = true;
  uint32_t nCsma = 3;
  uint32_t nWifi = 3;
  bool tracing = false;

  CommandLine cmd (__FILE__);
  cmd.AddValue ("nCsma", "Number of \"extra\" CSMA nodes/devices", nCsma);
  cmd.AddValue ("nWifi", "Number of wifi STA devices", nWifi);
  cmd.AddValue ("verbose", "Tell echo applications to log if true", verbose);
  cmd.AddValue ("tracing", "Enable pcap tracing", tracing);

  cmd.Parse (argc,argv);

  // The underlying restriction of 18 is due to the grid position
  // allocator's configuration; the grid layout will exceed the
  // bounding box if more than 18 nodes are provided.
  if (nWifi > 18)
    {
      std::cout << "nWifi should be 18 or less; otherwise grid layout exceeds the bounding box" << std::endl;
      return 1;
    }

  if (verbose)
    {
      LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoClientApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
      LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoServerApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
    }

  NodeContainer p2pNodes;
  p2pNodes.Create (2);

  PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
  pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
  pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));

  NetDeviceContainer p2pDevices;
  p2pDevices = pointToPoint.Install (p2pNodes);

  NodeContainer csmaNodes;
  csmaNodes.Add (p2pNodes.Get (1));
  csmaNodes.Create (nCsma);

  CsmaHelper csma;
  csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("100Mbps"));
  csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (NanoSeconds (6560)));

  NetDeviceContainer csmaDevices;
  csmaDevices = csma.Install (csmaNodes);

  NodeContainer wifiStaNodes;
  wifiStaNodes.Create (nWifi);
  NodeContainer wifiApNode = p2pNodes.Get (0);

  YansWifiChannelHelper channel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
  YansWifiPhyHelper phy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
  phy.SetChannel (channel.Create ());

  WifiHelper wifi;
  wifi.SetRemoteStationManager ("ns3::AarfWifiManager");

  WifiMacHelper mac;
  Ssid ssid = Ssid ("ns-3-ssid");
  mac.SetType ("ns3::StaWifiMac",
               "Ssid", SsidValue (ssid),
               "ActiveProbing", BooleanValue (false));

  NetDeviceContainer staDevices;
  staDevices = wifi.Install (phy, mac, wifiStaNodes);

  mac.SetType ("ns3::ApWifiMac",
               "Ssid", SsidValue (ssid));

  NetDeviceContainer apDevices;
  apDevices = wifi.Install (phy, mac, wifiApNode);

  MobilityHelper mobility;

  mobility.SetPositionAllocator ("ns3::GridPositionAllocator",
                                 "MinX", DoubleValue (0.0),
                                 "MinY", DoubleValue (0.0),
                                 "DeltaX", DoubleValue (5.0),
                                 "DeltaY", DoubleValue (10.0),
                                 "GridWidth", UintegerValue (3),
                                 "LayoutType", StringValue ("RowFirst"));

  mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::RandomWalk2dMobilityModel",
                             "Bounds", RectangleValue (Rectangle (-50, 50, -50, 50)));
  mobility.Install (wifiStaNodes);

  mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
  mobility.Install (wifiApNode);

  InternetStackHelper stack;
  stack.Install (csmaNodes);
  stack.Install (wifiApNode);
  stack.Install (wifiStaNodes);

  Ipv4AddressHelper address;

  address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
  Ipv4InterfaceContainer p2pInterfaces;
  p2pInterfaces = address.Assign (p2pDevices);

  address.SetBase ("10.1.2.0", "255.255.255.0");
  Ipv4InterfaceContainer csmaInterfaces;
  csmaInterfaces = address.Assign (csmaDevices);

  address.SetBase ("10.1.3.0", "255.255.255.0");
  address.Assign (staDevices);
  address.Assign (apDevices);

  UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);

  ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (csmaNodes.Get (nCsma));
  serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
  serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

  UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (csmaInterfaces.GetAddress (nCsma), 9);
  echoClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1));
  echoClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
  echoClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (1024));

  ApplicationContainer clientApps = 
    echoClient.Install (wifiStaNodes.Get (nWifi - 1));
  clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
  clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

  Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();

  Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));

  if (tracing == true)
    {
      pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll ("third");
      phy.EnablePcap ("third", apDevices.Get (0));
      csma.EnablePcap ("third", csmaDevices.Get (0), true);
    }

  Simulator::Run ();
  Simulator::Destroy ();
  return 0;
}

将awk脚本delayloss.awk放入当前目录，并在当前目录创建文件夹third-datamkdir third-data用于存放仿真数据

delayloss.awk

BEGIN {
      
      FS="[ \t]";#field seperator is ' '
      
      rpackets = 0 ;
      clientid = 0 ;
      totaldelay = 0;
      }
      
      {
      
      action = $5;
      
      time = ($3 + 0);
      
      device = $4;
      
      bytes = $6;
      
      #targetid = $9;
      
      portid = $11;
      
      #packetid = substr($9,8,(length($9)-7));
      
      if ((device == "client")&&(action == "sent")) 
      {
          clientid ++ ;
           sendtime[clientid] = time;
          }
      
      if ((device == "server")&&(action == "received"))
      {
          rpackets ++ ;
          receivedtime[rpackets] = time;
          }
      #printf ("%s %s %s %s %s %s\n", action, time, device, bytes, packetid, portid);
      }
       END {
          for (packetid=0;packetid<=clientid;packetid++)
          {
              start=sendtime[packetid];
              end=receivedtime[packetid];
              packetdelay=end-start;
              if (start < end)
              {	#printf("%f %f\n",start,packetdelay);
                  totaldelay = packetdelay + totaldelay;
                  }
              }
          packetlossrate = rpackets/clientid;
          delay = totaldelay/rpackets;
          printf ("%f %f\n", packetlossrate, delay);
      }

运行：
- sudo ./waf --run "third --nWifi=3" >& third-data/third-3.data
- sudo ./waf --run "third --nWifi=4" >& third-data/third-4.data
- sudo ./waf --run "third --nWifi=5" >& third-data/third-5.data
- sudo ./waf --run "third --nWifi=6" >& third-data/third-6.data
- gawk -f delayloss.awk third-data/third-3.data >> third.out
- gawk -f delayloss.awk third-data/third-4.data >> third.out
- gawk -f delayloss.awk third-data/third-5.data >> third.out
- gawk -f delayloss.awk third-data/third-6.data >> third.out
- 命令较多时不建议直接复制粘贴于终端，应放入可执行文件中便于重复使用与修改：
  - gedit shellcommand-third，复制粘贴上面的命令
  - chmod 777 shellcommand-third
  - ./shellcommand-third
- 说明：
  - 仿真参数未设置的均为默认值；
  - >&：将终端所有输出信息存放在指定文件（每次都会覆盖之前数据）
  - >>：将终端标准输出信息存放在指定文件（不会覆盖之前数据）
  - .data：原始数据
  - .out：处理后的数据
  - 文件名称与后缀名没有命名规定，按自己喜好来

数据分析

数据来源.out文件
- 上一步所生成的.out文件内容为wifi节点为3、4、5、6时网络的平均时延与包投递率
- 第一列：平均时延
- 第二列：包投递率
- 共4行数据与节点数相对应
数据预处理
- 在第一列插入节点数作为折线图的x轴数据源
- third.out
  3 1.000000 0.017990
  4 1.000000 0.015930
  5 1.000000 0.011000
  6 1.000000 0.014150

gnuplot绘图

模板moban.conf

set terminal gif small size 450,390 #指定输出成gif图片，且图片大小为550×25
set output "包投递率与平均时延.gif" #指定输出gif图片的文件名
set title " " #图片标题
set style data lines #
set xrange [2:7]
set xtics 2,1,7
set yrange [0:1.1]
set ytics 0,0.1,1
set xlabel "Nodes" #X轴标题
set ylabel "data" #Y轴标题
set grid #显示网格
plot \
"third.out" using 1:2 w lp pt 1 lc 1 lw 2 title "Packet delivery rate" ,"third.out" using 1:3 w lp pt 2 lc 2 lw 2 title "Average delay"
#"out.txt"：绘图所需数据；using 1:2：第一列为x坐标，第二列为y坐标；
#w：with；lp：linepoint线类型点线型；pt 1：pointtype风格一；lc：linestyle；lw：linewidth

运行命令cat moban.conf |gnuplot

注：代码和命令可能回因为复制格式问题导致报错，手动输入即可
gawk网络性能参数分析参考博客：
- http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5584ff150102yjii.html
gnuplot绘图参考链接：
- http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0820/13/2863582_403309160.shtml
下一篇：ns3利用FlowMonitor进行网络性能分析

ns3网络仿真的数据分析与统计

平均时延与包投递率

写在前面：

利用应用程序的客户端与服务器端日志组件终端打印信息

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