iOS使用fastlane实现持续集成的方法教程

前言

最近公司有打渠道包的需求，领导说使用fastlane来做持续集成，发了点时间研究了下，所有有了这篇文章

本文主要涉及到以下几个主题：

• fastlane是什么和为什么使用fastlane
• fastlane安装和设置
• 在项目中集成fastlane

是什么和为什么

fastlane是一款使用ruby实现的跨平台的持续集成工具，支持安卓和iOS平台项目的持续集成实践，fastlane处理提供基本的但是很强大的包含了：初始设置、屏幕截图、打包、上传到测试平台、部署等功能。此外还有大量的第三方插件可以使用，比如fir插件支持上传beta版本到fir测试平台，appicon插件支持自定义某个子版本的应用图标，还有很多不胜枚举。

因为项目的配置、打包、上传等一系列操作是耗时且没有技术含量的工作，所以有了fastlane可以为我们节省大量的没有什么价值的时间花费，以提高我们的工作效率。

fastlane安装和设置

安装

支持三种方式安装

使用brew安装

brew cask install fastlane

使用gem安装

sudo gem install fastlane -NV

下载安装包安装

fastlane下载，下载完了之后打开install脚本即可安装

安装完成之后命令行输入fastlane -v，可以看到fastlane的版本信息说明安装成功了，接下来可以继续设置步骤

➜ PlushGame fastlane -v
fastlane installation at path:
/Users/aron/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0@global/gems/fastlane-2.62.0/bin/fastlane
-----------------------------
fastlane 2.62.0

设置

进入到项目目录执行fastlane init命令，会有一系列的设置，包含了登录apple账号，确认fastlane检测到的项目信息确认，登录iTunesConnect和从iTunesConnect拉取项目已存在的信息

➜ PlushGame fastlane init
[20:37:45]: Get started using a Gemfile for fastlane https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/setup/#use-a-gemfile
[20:37:48]: Detected iOS/Mac project in current directory...
...
# 根据提示输入项目的Apple ID和对应的密码，会自动登录到苹果开发者后台，拉取开发者账号对应的信息完成设置
[20:37:52]: Your Apple ID (e.g. fastlane@krausefx.com): XXXXXX@126.com
[20:37:55]: Verifying that app is available on the Apple Developer Portal and iTunes Connect...
[20:37:55]: Starting login with user 'XXXXXX@126.com'
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please provide your Apple Developer Program account credentials
The login information you enter will be stored in your macOS Keychain
You can also pass the password using the `FASTLANE_PASSWORD` environment variable
More information about it on GitHub: https://github.com/fastlane/fastlane/tree/master/credentials_manager
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 输入Apple ID 对应的密码
Password (for XXXXXX@126.com): **************

+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
|       Detected Values       |
+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Apple ID  | XXXXXX@126.com         |
| App Name  | PlushGame           |
| App Identifier | com.xxxx.xxxx        |
| Workspace  | /Users/aron/PuTaoWorkSpace/project/PlushGame/PlushG |
|    | ame.xcworkspace          |
+----------------+------------------------------------------------------+


# 检测到的项目信息要求确认，按y即可
[20:38:50]: Please confirm the above values (y/n)
y
[20:39:03]: Created new file './fastlane/Appfile'. Edit it to manage your preferred app metadata information.
[20:39:03]: Loading up 'deliver', this might take a few seconds
[20:39:03]: Login to iTunes Connect (XXXXXXX@126.com)
[20:39:16]: Login successful

+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
|     deliver 2.62.0 Summary      |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| run_precheck_before_submit   | false     |
| screenshots_path      | ./fastlane/screenshots |
| metadata_path      | ./fastlane/metadata |
| username        | XXXXXX@126.com |
| app_identifier      | com.xxxx.xxxxx |
| edit_live       | false     |
| platform        | ios     |
| skip_binary_upload     | false     |
| skip_screenshots      | false     |
| skip_metadata      | false     |
| skip_app_version_update    | false     |
| force        | false     |
| submit_for_review     | false     |
| automatic_release     | false     |
| dev_portal_team_id     | JN55YSQ744    |
| overwrite_screenshots    | false     |
| precheck_default_rule_level   | warn     |
| ignore_language_directory_validation | false     |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+


# 从ituneconnect拉取已存在的元数据，这里只有截屏的信息
[20:39:34]: Downloading all existing screenshots...
[20:39:37]: Downloading existing screenshot '1_iphone58_1.X1_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
[20:39:42]: Downloading existing screenshot '2_iphone58_2.X2_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
[20:40:22]: Downloading existing screenshot '3_iphone58_3.X3_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
[20:40:49]: Downloading existing screenshot '4_iphone58_4.X5_1.jpg' for language 'zh-Hans'
....

初始化设置之后再项目文件夹下多出了一个fastlane文件夹，主要有以下的一些的信息

➜ fastlane tree
.
├── Appfile
├── Deliverfile
├── Fastfile
├── metadata
│ ├── app_icon.jpg
│ ├── copyright.txt
│ └── zh-Hans
│  ├── description.txt
│  ├── keywords.txt
│  ├── marketing_url.txt
│  ├── name.txt
│  ├── privacy_url.txt
│  ├── promotional_text.txt
│  ├── release_notes.txt
│  ├── subtitle.txt
│  └── support_url.txt
└── screenshots
 ├── README.txt
 └── zh-Hans
  ├── 1_iphone58_1.X1_1.jpg
  ├── 1_iphone6Plus_1.1.png
  ├── 2_iphone58_2.X2_1.jpg
  ├── 2_iphone6Plus_2.2.png
  ├── 3_iphone58_3.X3_1.jpg
  ├── 3_iphone6Plus_3.3.png
  ├── 4_iphone58_4.X5_1.jpg
  ├── 4_iphone6Plus_4.4.png
  └── 5_iphone6Plus_5.5.png

8 directories, 62 files

最重要的是Appfile文件、Fastfile文件和Deliverfile文件

Appfile文件保存了项目信息，包含项目使用的apple账号信息、项目的team_id信息、项目identifier信息

app_identifier "com.xxxx.xxxx" # The bundle identifier of your app
apple_id "XXXXXX@126.com" # Your Apple email address

team_id "XXXXXSQ744" # Developer Portal Team ID

Fastfile文件保存了apple账号信息和teamid信息，该文件的信息用于上传appStore使用

app_identifier "com.sanshuai.FunCatch" # The bundle identifier of your app
username "sanshuai2017@126.com" # your Apple ID user

Fastfile文件定义了一些列的action，包含了项目打包设置、项目打包、项目截图、项目上传测试平台、项目发布、项目打包完成后期的一些操作

初始的Fastfile大致如下，可以看到 lane :release 包含了

snapshot action用于截屏

gym action用于打包

deliver action用于上传到App Store

frameit action用于给截屏添加边框

after_all 块中的slack action 则是负责打包成功之后发送信息到slack

fastlane_version "2.62.0"

default_platform :ios

platform :ios do

 desc "Deploy a new version to the App Store"
 lane :release do
 # match(type: "appstore")
 # snapshot
 gym(scheme: "PlushGame") # Build your app - more options available
 deliver(force: true)
 # frameit
 end

 # You can define as many lanes as you want

 after_all do |lane|
 # This block is called, only if the executed lane was successful

 # slack(
 # message: "Successfully deployed new App Update."
 # )
 end
end

接下来是为我们自己的项目编写符合业务需求的Fastfile了

fastlane项目集成

fastlane 详细介绍

该部分会详细的介绍fastlane中的块操作和lane的用途，以及fastlane中预定义的常用的action

fastlane 中的块和lane

fastlane 包含了预定义块有：

before_all 块用于项目打包之前的操作，比如可以使用cocopods命令更新pod库（如果使用的是pod项目）

after_all 块用于项目打包完成之后的操作，比如通知用户打包完成

error 块用于项目打包失败之后的操作，比如通知用户打包失败

lane 定义一个打包操作的具体流程，预设的有 lane :release定义了打包并且发布到App Store，lane :beta 打包并且发布到testflight测试平台。

fastlane 常用的action以及参数

fastlane中最主要的操作就是调用action，fastlane预定义了很多很有用的action，如果不够还可以使用第三发提供的插件调用第三发的action。下面介绍几个fastlane中预定的action

gym 是打包action，是 build_ios_app action的别名，他有以下常用的参数：

key	描述
workspace	如果项目是一个workspace，则是该项目的workspace路径
project	项目的project路径
scheme	项目的scheme，注意指定的scheme需要被指定为shared，/->Manage Schemes->Shared复选框需要打钩
output_directory	打包保存路径
output_name	打包保存的文件名
export_method	相当于配置 Archives->Export->mehtod 可选:[app-store, ad-hoc, package, enterprise, development(默认), developer-id]
configuration	相当于配置Scheme->Build Configuration:[Release, Debug]，Release会生成dsym文件，而Debug不会

set_info_plist_value是设置修改info.plist文件的 action，一次调用该action只能设置一个值，可以多次调用该命令来设置多个值，他有以下常用的参数：

key	描述
path	info.plist文件路径
key	info.plist文件中的key
value	key对应的值

pilot 是上传到TestFlight的 action，是 upload_to_testflight action的别名，没有特殊需求可以不指定参数

deliver 是上传到App Store的 action，是 upload_to_app_store action的别名，没有特殊需求可以不指定参数，会从Deliverfile文件读取账号信息登录到ITunesConnect从./fastlane/metadata ./fastlane/screenshots 文件夹中读取配置的App信息元数据然后上传

fastlane其他操作

fastlane是一个ruby的脚本，可以在里面执行自定义的脚本文件，比如添加 sh "your_script.sh" 语句可以执行自定义的脚本命令，也可以添加 'pwd' (这里使用的是反引号)执行一个shell命令或者添加 exec("pwd") 执行一个shell命令

Fastfile文件基本的编写

下面以一个真实的业务场景为例，该业务场景要求多渠道打包，并且不同渠道对应的配置有差异（info.plist文件配置不同和图标不同），打包支持上传到fir测试平台，不同渠道打包的命名方式是【时间+渠道+名称.ipa】格式，最后还需要把对应的dsym文件和ipa文件压缩归档为一个zip包文件。

# Customise this file, documentation can be found here:
# https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions/
# All available actions: https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions
# can also be listed using the `fastlane actions` command

# Change the syntax highlighting to Ruby
# All lines starting with a # are ignored when running `fastlane`

# If you want to automatically update fastlane if a new version is available:
# update_fastlane

# This is the minimum version number required.
# Update this, if you use features of a newer version
fastlane_version "2.62.0"

default_platform :ios

platform :ios do
 before_all do
 # ENV["SLACK_URL"] = "https://hooks.slack.com/services/..."
 # cocoapods
 # carthage
 end

 desc "Runs all the tests"
 lane :test do
 scan
 end

 # 定义全局参数：项目名称
 projName = "Plush"
 # 定义全局参数：Assets路径
 projAssetsPath = "../#{projName}/Resources/Assets.xcassets"
 # 定义全局参数：Info.plist路径
 plistPath = "./#{projName}/Resources/Info.plist"
 # 定义全局参数：包名（接收之后压缩使用）
 pkgName = ""
 # 定义全局参数：基本包名
 basePkgName = "Plush"
 # 定义全局参数：输出目录，对应output_directory配置
 outputBaseDir = "output" 

 desc "自定义的渠道打包"
 desc "使用方式：苹果助手：`bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:pgzs shouldUp:0`"
 desc "使用方式：91助手：`bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:91zs shouldUp:0`"
 desc "op 支持参数： ch:渠道类型[pgzs, 91zs, AppStore(默认)]"
 desc "op 支持参数： shouldUp:是否需要上传[0, 1]"
 desc "op 支持参数： up:上传类型[testflight, fir]"
 desc "op 支持参数： exportMethod: export_method 配置[app-store, ad-hoc, package, enterprise, development（默认）, developer-id] ** up为testflight需要制定为app-store **"
 desc "op 支持参数： version:版本(可选)"
 desc "op 支持参数： build:构建版本(可选，testflight和appstore这个参数需要制定一个不重复的)"
 lane :customChannelBeta do |op|
 
 # 渠道
 channel = op[:ch]
 if channel.nil? || channel.empty?
  channel = "AppStore"
 end

 # 打包名字
 time = Time.new
 dateTimeStr = "#{time.year}-#{time.month}-#{time.day}_#{time.hour}-#{time.min}"
 pkgName = "#{dateTimeStr}_#{channel}_#{basePkgName}.ipa"

 # match(type: "appstore") # more information: https://codesigning.guide
 #设置plist，此处传入plist路径，可以用来做环境配置
 set_info_plist_value(path: plistPath, key: "pt_channel", value: channel)


 # # 设置AppIcon
 # iconPath = op[:iconPath]
 # if iconPath.nil? || iconPath.empty?
 # iconPath = "channel_config/#{channel}/icon1024.png"
 # iconPath = "channel_config/91zs/icon1024.png"
 # end
 # puts "iconPath = #{iconPath}"
 # appicon(appicon_image_file: iconPath,
 # appicon_devices: [:ipad, :iphone, :ios_marketing, :watch, :watch_marketing])

 # 拷贝AppIcon.appiconset替换图标
 iconAssetPath = op[:iconPath]
 if iconAssetPath.nil? || iconAssetPath.empty?
  iconAssetPath = "../channel_config/#{channel}/AppIcon.appiconset"
 end
 cpCmd = "cp -fRv #{iconAssetPath} #{projAssetsPath}"
 `#{cpCmd}`
 puts "cpCmd = #{cpCmd}"

 # 设置显示版本和构建版本
 version = op[:version]
 build = op[:build]
 if version.nil? || version.empty?
 else
  increment_version_number(version_number: version)
 end
 if build.nil? || build.empty?
 else
  increment_build_number(build_number: build)
 end

 exportMethod = op[:exportMethod]
 if exportMethod.nil? || exportMethod.empty?
  exportMethod = "development"
 end

 puts "exportMethod = #{exportMethod} pkgName = #{pkgName} outputBaseDir = #{outputBaseDir}"

 # build_ios_app 参数配置
 gym(
  export_method: exportMethod, # 相当于配置 Archives->Export->mehtod:[app-store, ad-hoc, package, enterprise, development(默认), developer-id]
  output_name: pkgName,
  configuration: "Release", # 相当于配置Scheme->Build Configuration:[Release, Debug]，Release会生成dsym文件，而Debug不会
  output_directory: outputBaseDir,
  scheme: "Plush",
 )


 # 是否需要上传配置，默认不上传
 shouldUp = op[:shouldUp]
 if shouldUp == "1"
  # 上传测试包到测试平台类型，默认上传到fir，可以支持多种测试平台使用逗号分隔
  # testflight, fir
  upType = op[:up]
  if upType.nil? || upType.empty?
  upType = "fir"
  end
  if upType.include? "testflight"
  pilot # 上传到testflight
  elsif upType.include? "fir"
  firim(firim_api_token: "xxxxxxxx")#上传fir，如果是新项目，fir会自动创建
  end
 end
 end

 desc "上传到 App Store"
 lane :release do
 # match(type: "appstore")
 # snapshot
 gym(
  export_method: "app-store", # 相当于配置 Archives->Export->mehtod:[app-store, ad-hoc, package, enterprise, development, developer-id]
  output_name: pkgName,
  configuration: "Release", # 相当于配置Scheme->Build Configuration:[Release, Debug]，Release会生成dsym文件，而Debug不会
  output_directory: outputBaseDir,
  scheme: "Plush",
 )
 deliver(force: true)
 # frameit
 end

 # You can define as many lanes as you want

 after_all do |lane, op|
 # This block is called, only if the executed lane was successful

 # slack(
 # message: "Successfully deployed new App Update."
 # )

 if !pkgName.empty?
  fileName = pkgName.gsub(".ipa", "")
  dsymName = "#{fileName}.app.dSYM.zip"
  zipFileName = "#{fileName}.zip"

  # 使用zip命令压缩
  zipCmd = "zip ../#{outputBaseDir}/#{zipFileName} ../#{outputBaseDir}/#{dsymName} ../#{outputBaseDir}/#{pkgName}"
  puts "begin zip #{zipCmd}"
  `#{zipCmd}`
 end

 end

 error do |lane, exception|
 # slack(
 # message: exception.message,
 # success: false
 # )
 end
end

使用方式：

#打91助手渠道的包不上传
bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:91zs shouldUp:0

# 91助手渠道打包并且上传到fir
bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta ch:91zs shouldUp:1 up:fir

# testflight 打包上传
bundle exec fastlane customChannelBeta shouldUp:1 up:testflight exportMethod:app-store

# AppStore 打包上传
bundle exec fastlane release

执行打包的命令会在项目目录下生成一个output目录，内容如下

➜ output tree
.
├── 2018-1-17_11-53_pgzs_Plush.app.dSYM.zip
├── 2018-1-17_11-53_pgzs_Plush.ipa
└── 2018-1-17_11-53_pgzs_Plush.zip

添加第三方插件

fastlane有很多的第三方扩展插件，下面以添加firim插件为例

查找插件

使用fastlane search_plugins查找插件

➜ output fastlane search_plugins fir
...
+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
|     fastlane plugins 'fir'     |
+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| Name  | Description       | Downloads |
+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| firebase | Unofficial tool to access Firebase | 1393  |
|   | project settings     |   |
| firim | firim        | 1142  |
| fir  | Upload a new build to fir.im  | 807  |
+----------+-------------------------------------+-----------+

安装插件

使用fastlane add_plugin安装插件

# fastlane 安装firim插件
➜ PlushGame fastlane add_plugin firim

# 添加 `bundle exec` 使用本地的插件，加快速度
➜ PlushGame bundle exec fastlane add_plugin firim
[15:08:48]: Plugin 'fastlane-plugin-firim' was added to './fastlane/Pluginfile'
[15:08:48]: Make sure to commit your Gemfile, Gemfile.lock and Pluginfile to version control
Installing plugin dependencies...
Successfully installed plugins

添加成功之后再 fastlane 目录下多出了一个 Pluginfile 文件，描述添加的插件的信息

# Autogenerated by fastlane
#
# Ensure this file is checked in to source control!

gem 'fastlane-plugin-firim'

插件使用方法

使用fastlane action查找某个action的使用方法和参数，下面是查找firim action的使用方法和参数的例子

➜ Plush.app fastlane action firim
[23:50:31]: fastlane detected a Gemfile in the current directory
[23:50:31]: however it seems like you don't use `bundle exec`
[23:50:31]: to launch fastlane faster, please use
[23:50:31]: 
[23:50:31]: $ bundle exec fastlane action firim
[23:50:31]: 
[23:50:31]: Get started using a Gemfile for fastlane https://docs.fastlane.tools/getting-started/ios/setup/#use-a-gemfile
+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
|      Used plugins       |
+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
| Plugin     | Version | Action     |
+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+
| fastlane-plugin-firim | 0.1.0 | firim     |
| fastlane-plugin-appicon | 0.11.0 | android_appicon appicon |
+-------------------------+---------+-------------------------+

Loading documentation for firim:

+------------------------------------+
|    firim    |
+------------------------------------+
| Uses firim to upload ipa to fir.im |
|         |
| Created by whlsxl     |
+------------------------------------+

+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+
|         firim Options         |
+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+
| Key     | Description    | Env Var   | Default |
+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+
| firim_api_token  | fir.im user api token |     |   |
| firim_username   | fir.im username, a sign |     |   |
|      | for identify different |     |   |
|      | token     |     |   |
| ipa     | Path to your ipa file | DELIVER_IPA_PATH |   |
| icon     | Path to the app icon, |     |   |
|      | MUST BE jpg    |     |   |
| app_identifier   | The app's identifier  |     |   |
| app_name    | The app's name   |     |   |
| app_desc    | The app's desc   |     |   |
| app_short    | The app's short URL  |     |   |
| app_is_opened   | APP's download link  |     |   |
|      | whether opened   |     |   |
| app_is_show_plaza  | Whether the app show in |     |   |
|      | plaza     |     |   |
| app_passwd    | The app's download page |     |   |
|      | password     |     |   |
| app_store_link_visible | Whether show store link |     |   |
|      | in download page   |     |   |
| app_version   | The app's version  |     |   |
| app_build_version  | The app's build version |     |   |
| app_release_type  | The app's release type |     |   |
|      | (Adhoc, Inhouse)   |     |   |
| app_changelog   | The app's changelog  |     |   |
| app_info_to_file_path | Append all [app's name] |     |   |
|      | : [URL] to this file  |     |   |
+------------------------+--------------------------+------------------+---------+

More information can be found on https://docs.fastlane.tools/actions

在Fastfile中添加firim action，把包上传到fir，token可以到fir后台点击右上角的设置获取即可

firim(firim_api_token: "xxxxxx")#上传fir，如果是新项目，fir会自动创建

结束

以上就是fastlane在项目中的实战演练，需要能够帮助到需要得人

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，谢谢大家对小牛知识库的支持。