pygame边界中的蛇游戏

Question

所以我对Python、PyGame和任何编程都是全新的。我遵循了在PyGame中制作蛇游戏的教程。现在一切都结束了，但为了给自己一个挑战，我正试图改变一下比赛。首先我想添加边界，但我真的迷路了。我试过看其他教程，但它们的图像似乎有所不同。这是我的代码（因为我不知道什么可以帮助你帮助我，所以我把它全部发送了）：

class cube (object):
    rows = 20
    w = 500
    def __init__(self,start,dirnx=1,dirny=0,color = (255,0,0)):
        self.pos = start
        self.dirnx = 1
        self.dirny = 0
        self.color = color

    def move(self, dirnx, dirny):
        self.dirnx = dirnx
        self.dirny = dirny
        self.pos = (self.pos[0] + self.dirnx, self.pos[1] + self.dirny)

    def draw(self, surface, eyes=False):
        dis = self.w // self.rows
        i = self.pos[0]
        j = self.pos[1]

        pygame.draw.rect(surface, self.color, (i*dis+1,j*dis+1, dis-2, dis-2))
        if eyes:
            centre = dis//2
            radius = 3
            circleMiddle = (i*dis+centre-radius,j*dis+8)
            circleMiddle2 = (i*dis + dis -radius*2,j*dis+8)
            pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0,0,0), circleMiddle, radius)
            pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0,0,0), circleMiddle2, radius)

class snake(object):
    body = []
    turns = {}
    def __init__(self, color, pos):
        self.color = color
        self.head = cube(pos)
        self.body.append(self.head)
        self.dirnx = 0
        self.dirny = 1

    def move(self):
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        for key in keys:
            if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
                self.dirnx = -1
                self.dirny = 0
                self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
            elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
                self.dirnx = 1
                self.dirny = 0
                self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
            elif keys[pygame.K_UP]:
                self.dirnx = 0
                self.dirny = -1
                self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
            elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
                self.dirnx = 0
                self.dirny = 1
                self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
        for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
            p = c.pos[:]
            if p in self.turns:
                turn = self.turns[p]
                c.move(turn[0], turn[1])
                if i == len(self.body)-1:
                    self.turns.pop(p)
            else:
                if c.dirnx == -1 and c.pos[0] <= 0: c.pos = (c.rows-1, c.pos[1])
                elif c.dirnx == 1 and c.pos[0] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (0,c.pos[1])
                elif c.dirny == 1 and c.pos[1] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (c.pos[0], 0)
                elif c.dirny == -1 and c.pos[1] <= 0: c.pos = (c.pos[0],c.rows-1)
                else: c.move(c.dirnx,c.dirny) 

    def reset(self, pos):
        self.head = cube(pos)
        self.body = []
        self.body.append(self.head)
        self.turns = {}
        self.dirnx = 0
        self.dirny = 1

    def addCube(self):
        tail = self.body[-1]
        dx, dy = tail.dirnx, tail.dirny

        if dx == 1 and dy == 0:
            self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0]-1,tail.pos[1])))
        elif dx == -1 and dy == 0:
            self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0]+1,tail.pos[1])))
        elif dx == 0 and dy == 1:
            self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0],tail.pos[1]-1)))
        elif dx == 0 and dy == -1:
            self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0],tail.pos[1]+1)))

        self.body[-1].dirnx = dx
        self.body[-1].dirny = dy

    def draw(self, surface):
        for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
            if i==0:
                c.draw(surface, True)
            else:
                c.draw(surface)

def drawGrid(w,rows,surface):
    rows_space = w // rows

    x = 0
    y = 0

    for l in range(rows):
        x += rows_space
        y += rows_space
        pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (x,0), (x,w))
        pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (0,y), (w,y))

def redrawWindow(surface):
    global rows, display_width, s, snack
    surface.fill((0,0,0))
    s.draw(surface)
    snack.draw(surface)
    drawGrid(display_width, rows, surface)
    pygame.display.update()

def randomSnack(rows,items):
    positions = items.body
    while True:
        x = random.randrange(rows)
        y = random.randrange(rows)
        if len(list(filter(lambda z:z.pos == (x,y), positions))) > 0:
            continue
        else:
            break
    return (x,y)

def message_box(subject,content):
    root = tk.Tk()
    root.attributes('-topmost', True)
    root.withdraw()
    messagebox.showinfo(subject, content)
    try:
        root.destroy()
    except:
        pass

def main():
    global rows, display_width, s, snack
    display_width = 500
    rows = 20
    win = pygame.display.set_mode((display_width, display_width))
    s = snake((255,0,0), (10,10))
    snack = cube(randomSnack(rows, s), color=(0,255,0))
    alive = True

    clock = pygame.time.Clock()

    while alive:
        pygame.time.delay(50)
        clock.tick(7)
        s.move()
        if s.body[0].pos == snack.pos:
            s.addCube()
            snack = cube(randomSnack(rows, s), color=(0,255,0))
        for x in range(len(s.body)):
            if s.body[x].pos in list(map(lambda z:z.pos,s.body[x+1:])):
                print('Score: ', len(s.body))
                message_box('You Lost!', 'Play again!')
                s.reset((10,10))
                break

        redrawWindow(win)

main()

基本上，我希望当我的蛇撞到边界时发生的事情和它撞到自己时发生的事情是一样的。如果你能帮助我，非常感谢！

Answer 1

让我们把窗户弄大一点，把它弄大一个立方体

win = pygame.display.set_mode((display_width + (500//20), display_width + (500//20)))

现在我们有了更多的空间，让我们把所有的东西都移过来，这样整个东西就有了一个均匀的边界

在drawGrid（）中，从一个立方体大小绘制

pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (x,rows_space), (x,w))
pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (rows_space,y), (w,y))

现在，如果你想要它的颜色，你可以画一个矩形围绕它的颜色你想要的

pygame.draw.rect(surface,(0,0,200),(0,0,w,rows_space)) #top
pygame.draw.rect(surface,(0,0,200),(0,0,rows_space,w)) #left
pygame.draw.rect(surface,(0,0,200),(0,w,w + rows_space,rows_space)) #bottom
pygame.draw.rect(surface,(0,0,200),(w,0,rows_space,w + rows_space)) #right

如果需要挑战，请执行相同的操作（可以使用该方法），但不要增加窗口，而是减小网格大小以生成边框。

另外，既然你已经制作了蛇，试着用尽可能少的线条制作它，我会先看看其他的，但这是一件好事。因为我个人认为你为身体的每个立方体使用一个类过于复杂了...

当蛇撞到边缘时，结束游戏的方法是，对蛇撞到它的身体做同样的事情，但是当蛇在边界上时，你有代码检查蛇是否离开屏幕并将其循环到另一边，这样你就可以在那里做

        else:
            #if snake off edge
            if c.dirnx == -1 and c.pos[0] <= 0: c.pos = (c.rows-1, c.pos[1]);
            elif c.dirnx == 1 and c.pos[0] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (0,c.pos[1])
            elif c.dirny == 1 and c.pos[1] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (c.pos[0], 0)
            elif c.dirny == -1 and c.pos[1] <= 0: c.pos = (c.pos[0],c.rows-1)
            else: c.move(c.dirnx,c.dirny) 

它没有很好地复制和粘贴

但是现在我们可以把这个代码从移动蛇改为结束游戏

        outside = False
            if c.pos[0] <= 1: outside = True
            elif c.pos[0] >= c.rows-1: outside = True
            elif c.pos[1] >= c.rows-1: outside = True
            elif c.pos[1] <= 1: outside = True
            else: c.move(c.dirnx,c.dirny) 
            if outside:
                print('Score: ', len(s.body))
                message_box('You Lost!', 'Play again!')
                s.reset((10,10))     

要修复蛇进入边界，请将上面的代码更改为